{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:35:41Z","timestamp":1785436541216,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1A2B4004152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A2B4004152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coffee has been shown to attenuate sarcopenia, the age-associated muscle atrophy. Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGF-\u03b2 growth\/differentiation factor superfamily, is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, and MSTN-inhibition increases muscle mass or prevents muscle atrophy. This study, thus, investigated the presence of MSTN-inhibitory capacity in coffee extracts. The ethanol-extract of coffee silverskin (CSE) but not other extracts demonstrated anti-MSTN activity in a pGL3-(CAGA)12-luciferase reporter gene assay. CSE also blocked Smad3 phosphorylation induced by MSTN but not by GDF11 or Activin A in Western blot analysis, demonstrating its capacity to block the binding of MSTN to its receptor. Oral administration of CSE significantly increased forelimb muscle mass and grip strength in mice. Using solvent partitioning, solid-phase chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC, two peaks having MSTN-inhibitory capacity were purified from CSE. The two peaks were identified as \u03b2N-arachinoyl\u22125-hydroxytryptamide (C20\u22125HT) and \u03b2N-behenoyl\u22125-hydroxytryptamide (C22\u22125HT) using mass spectrometry and NMR analysis. In summary, the results show that CSE has the MSTN-inhibitory capacity, and C20\u22125HT and C22\u22125HT are active components of CSE-suppressing MSTN activity, suggesting the potential of CSE, C20\u22125HT, and C22\u22125HT being developed as agents to combat muscle atrophy and metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"2676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identification of Molecules from Coffee Silverskin That Suppresses Myostatin Activity and Improves Muscle Mass and Strength in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jeong Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Pil","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4363-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Hyuk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deuk-Hee","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6570-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Joo","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-p superfamily member","volume":"387","author":"McPherron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. 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