{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:56:21Z","timestamp":1788314181624,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","award":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/STG03\/AIMST\/02\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/STG03\/AIMST\/02\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multidrug resistant bacteria create a challenging situation for society to treat infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the reason for biofilm bacteria to cause chronic infection. Plant-based nanoparticles could be an alternative solution as potential drug candidates against these MDR bacteria, as many plants are well known for their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Spondias mombin is a traditional plant which has already been used for medicinal purposes as every part of this plant has been proven to have its own medicinal values. In this research, the S. mombin extract was used to synthesise AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized and further tested for their antibacterial, reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity properties. The characterization results showed the synthesized AgNPs to be between 8 to 50 nm with -11.52 of zeta potential value. The existence of the silver element in the AgNPs was confirmed with the peaks obtained in the EDX spectrometry. Significant antibacterial activity was observed against selected biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. The cytotoxicity study with A. salina revealed the LC50 of synthesized AgNPs was at 0.81 mg\/mL. Based on the ROS quantification, it was suggested that the ROS production, due to the interaction of AgNP with different bacterial cells, causes structural changes of the cell. This proves that the synthesized AgNPs could be an effective drug against multidrug resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"2681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Spondias mombin Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Biofilm-Producing Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sumitha","family":"Samuggam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4697-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh V.","family":"Chinni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna","family":"Mutusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8347-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subash C. B.","family":"Gopinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 01000, Perlis, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Periasamy","family":"Anbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7320-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijayan","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Deemed to Be University, Puducherry 607402, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8089-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lebaka Veeranjaneya","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0816-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balaji","family":"Enugutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69606-7","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lysiloma acapulcensis exhibit high-antimicrobial activity","volume":"10","author":"Garibo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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