{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:02:56Z","timestamp":1790636576591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-64-46027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-64-46027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-15-00427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-15-00427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease in the world. Genetic evidence strongly suggests that aberrant generation, aggregation, and\/or clearance of neurotoxic amyloid-\u03b2 peptides (A\u03b2) triggers the disease. A\u03b2 accumulates at the points of contact of neurons in ordered cords and fibrils, forming the so-called senile plaques. A\u03b2 isoforms of different lengths are found in healthy human brains regardless of age and appear to play a role in signaling pathways in the brain and to have neuroprotective properties at low concentrations. In recent years, different substances have been developed targeting A\u03b2 production, aggregation, interaction with other molecules, and clearance, including peptide-based drugs. A\u03b2 is a product of sequential cleavage of the membrane glycoprotein APP (amyloid precursor protein) by \u03b2- and \u03b3-secretases. A number of familial mutations causing an early onset of the disease have been identified in the APP, especially in its transmembrane domain. The mutations are reported to influence the production, oligomerization, and conformational behavior of A\u03b2 peptides. This review highlights the results of structural studies of the main proteins involved in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms by which perspective therapeutic substances can affect A\u03b2 production and nucleation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26102897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T03:28:36Z","timestamp":1620962916000},"page":"2897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Structural Studies Providing Insights into Production and Conformational Behavior of Amyloid-\u03b2 Peptide Associated with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anatoly S.","family":"Urban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shemyakin\u2013Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Federal Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin V.","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna V.","family":"Kamynina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shemyakin\u2013Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1053-2778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan S.","family":"Okhrimenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Arseniev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shemyakin\u2013Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard V.","family":"Bocharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shemyakin\u2013Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2016). 2016 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures. 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