{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T06:43:22Z","timestamp":1792305802211,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ageratum conyzoides L. (Family\u2014Asteraceae) is an annual aromatic invasive herb, mainly distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It owns a reputed history of indigenous remedial uses, including as a wound dressing, an antimicrobial, and mouthwash as well as in treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, skin diseases, etc. In this review, the core idea is to present the antifungal potential of the selected medicinal plant and its secondary metabolites against different fungal pathogens. Additionally, toxicological studies (safety profile) conducted on the amazing plant A. conyzoides L. are discussed for the possible clinical development of this medicinal herb. Articles available from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed in detail to exhibit recent appraisals of the antifungal properties of A. conyzoides. Efforts were aimed at delivering evidences for the medicinal application of A. conyzoides by using globally recognized scientific search engines and databases so that an efficient approach for filling the lacunae in the research and development of antifungal drugs can be adopted. After analyzing the literature, it can be reported that the selected medicinal plant effectively suppressed the growth of numerous fungal species, such as Aspergillus, Alternaria, Candida, Fusarium, Phytophthora, and Pythium, owing to the presence of various secondary metabolites, particularly chromenes, terpenoids, flavonoids and coumarins. The possible mechanism of action of different secondary metabolites of the plant against fungal pathogens is also discussed briefly. However, it was found that only a few studies have been performed to demonstrate the plant\u2019s dosage and safety profile in humans. Considered all together, A. conyzoides extract and its constituents may act as a promising biosource for the development of effective antifungal formulations for clinical use. However, in order to establish safety and efficacy, additional scientific research is required to explore chronic toxicological effects of ageratum, to determine the probability of interactions when used with different herbs, and to identify safe dosage. The particulars presented here not only bridge this gap but also furnish future research strategies for the investigators in microbiology, ethno-pharmacology, and drug discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26102933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T10:54:22Z","timestamp":1620989662000},"page":"2933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Ageratum conyzoides L. and Its Secondary Metabolites in the Management of Different Fungal Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6959-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubal","family":"Chahal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5829-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra K\u00fcpeli","family":"Akkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2790-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Sobarzo-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwani","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3286-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6794-5533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Dutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Habibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0980-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineet","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1086\/524071","article-title":"Resistance to antifungal agents: Mechanisms and clinical impact","volume":"46","author":"Kanafani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez Vilas, A. (2011). 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