{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T02:51:47Z","timestamp":1769914307298,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As part of our studies on antiprotozoal activity of approved herbal medicinal products, we previously found that a commercial tincture from Salvia officinalis L. (common Sage, Lamiaceae) possesses high activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr), causative agent of East African Human Trypanosomiasis. We have now investigated in detail the antitrypanosomal constituents of this preparation. A variety of fractions were tested for antitrypanosomal activity and analyzed by UHPLC\/+ESI QqTOF MS. The resulting data were used to generate a partial least squares (PLS) regression model that highlighted eight particular constituents that were likely to account for the major part of the bioactivity. These compounds were then purified and identified and their activity against the pathogen tested. All identified compounds (one flavonoid and eight diterpenes) displayed significant activity against Tbr, in some cases higher than that of the total tincture. From the overall results, it can be concluded that the antitrypanosomal activity of S. officinalis L. is, for the major part, caused by abietane-type diterpenes of the rosmanol\/rosmaquinone group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T11:07:02Z","timestamp":1622113622000},"page":"3226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Salvia officinalis L.: Antitrypanosomal Activity and Active Constituents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Llurba Montesino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of M\u00fcnster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3122-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"M\u00e4ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of M\u00fcnster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, May 27). Trypanosomiasis, Human African (Sleeping-Sickness). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/trypanosomiasis-human-african-(sleeping-sickness)."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30019-9","article-title":"Oral fexinidazole for human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"391","author":"Chapuis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14118","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200814118","article-title":"Search for antiprotozoal activity in herbal medicinal preparations; new natural leads against neglected tropical diseases","volume":"20","author":"Kaiser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Llurba Montesino, N., and Schmidt, T.J. (2018). Salvia species as sources of natural products with antiprotozoal activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010264"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1352-1364.2006","article-title":"Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Activities of Flavonoids and Their Analogues: In Vitro, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Studies","volume":"50","author":"Tasdemir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicr. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1021\/np010565o","article-title":"Semisynthesis of Rosmanol and its derivatives. Easy access to abietatriene diterpenes isolated from the genus Salvia with biological activities","volume":"65","author":"Marrero","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1021\/np900047p","article-title":"Semisynthesis and biological evaluation of abietane-type diterpenes. 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Prod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)90474-6","article-title":"Terpenoids from Salvia sclarea","volume":"36","author":"Ulubelen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10349","DOI":"10.1021\/jf901877x","article-title":"Variations in essential oil, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of tunisian cultivated Salvia officinalis L.","volume":"57","author":"Landoulsi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201900544","article-title":"Structure\u2013Activity Relationships of Cinnamate Ester Analogs as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents","volume":"15","author":"Bernal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Med. Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/11\/3226\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:09:11Z","timestamp":1760162951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/11\/3226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26113226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26113226","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]}}}