{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:37:40Z","timestamp":1772818660491,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an immunosuppressive virus which has caused heavy losses to the poultry breeding industry. Currently, there is no effective medicine to treat this virus. In our previous experiments, the low-molecular-weight Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) was proven to possess antiviral activity against ALV-J, but its function was limited to the virus adsorption stage. In order to improve the antiviral activity of the SFP, in this study, three new SFP long-chain alkyl group nanomicelles (SFP-C12M, SFP-C14M and SFP-C16M) were prepared. The nanomicelles were characterized according to their physical and chemical properties. The nanomicelles were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, critical micelle concentration and morphology. The results showed the particle sizes of the three nanomicelles were all approximately 200 nm and SFP-C14M and SFP-C16M were more stable than SFP-C12M. The newly prepared nanomicelles exhibited a better anti-ALV-J activity than the SFP, with SFP-C16M exhibiting the best antiviral effects in both the virus adsorption stage and the replication stage. The results of the giant unilamellar vesicle exposure experiment demonstrated that the new virucidal effect of the nanomicelles might be caused by damage to the phospholipid membrane of ALV-J. This study provides a potential idea for ALV-J prevention and development of other antiviral drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T01:51:37Z","timestamp":1622425897000},"page":"3265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Preparation of New Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Long-Chain Alkyl Group Nanomicelles and Their Antiviral Properties against ALV-J"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3450-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huahua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115381","article-title":"Composition, isolation, purification and biological activities of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides: A review","volume":"228","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-019-01795-9","article-title":"Effects of temperature and salinity on the growth and biochemical composition of the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme (Fucales, Phaeophyceae)","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.196","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of carboxymethylated and hydroxamated degraded polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.243","article-title":"Physicochemical properties of polysaccharide fractions from Sargassum fusiforme and their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"147","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.06.051","article-title":"Protective effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme against UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT human keratinocytes","volume":"36","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.01.056","article-title":"Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide activates nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) and induces cytokine production via Toll-like receptors","volume":"105","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-017-9727-y","article-title":"Immunostimulatory Effect of Enzyme-Modified Hizikia fusiforme in a Mouse Model In Vitro and Ex Vivo","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.01.020","article-title":"Antitumor effects of polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells","volume":"102","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.12.019","article-title":"Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice","volume":"139","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.040","article-title":"Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan modifies the gut microbiota during alleviation of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in mice","volume":"131","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.073","article-title":"The antiviral property of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide for avian leukosis virus subgroup J in vitro and in vivo","volume":"138","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-1958-5","article-title":"Nanoparticle-Based Medicines: A Review of FDA-Approved Materials and Clinical Trials to Date","volume":"33","author":"Bobo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S46900","article-title":"Nanopharmaceuticals (part I): Products on the market","volume":"9","author":"Weissig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"13","article-title":"Nanopharmaceuticals (part 2): Products in the pipeline","volume":"10","author":"Weissig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"742","article-title":"Progress in Nanomedicine: Approved and Investigational Nanodrugs","volume":"42","author":"Ventola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.12.012","article-title":"Polymeric micelles drug delivery system in oncology","volume":"159","author":"Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101523","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for the delivery of paclitaxel","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.12.019","article-title":"Polymeric mixed micelles as nanomedicines: Achievements and perspectives","volume":"113","author":"Cagel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-006-9132-0","article-title":"Micellar nanocarriers: Pharmaceutical perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Torchilin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.058","article-title":"Blood-compatible, stable micelles of sodium alginate\u2013Curcumin bioconjugate for anti-cancer applications","volume":"113","author":"Lachowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.105593","article-title":"Effect of molecular weight and pH on the self-assembly microstructural and emulsification of amphiphilic sodium alginate colloid particles","volume":"103","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.08.100","article-title":"Amphipathicity and self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic alginate esters","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2009.07.008","article-title":"New amphiphilic and pH-sensitive hydrogel for controlled release of a model poorly water-soluble drug","volume":"73","author":"Colinet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.065","article-title":"A novel controlled drug delivery system based on alginate hydrogel\/chitosan micelle composites","volume":"107","author":"Cong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.251","article-title":"Core-shell-corona chitosan-based micelles for tumor intracellular pH-triggered drug delivery: Improving performance by grafting polycation","volume":"141","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119105","article-title":"Multi-functional chitosan polymeric micelles as oral paclitaxel delivery systems for enhanced bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy","volume":"578","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9577","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b12347","article-title":"Antitumor and Antimetastasis Activities of Heparin-based Micelle Served as Both Carrier and Drug","volume":"8","author":"Mei","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1021\/bc8003809","article-title":"Heparin-Paclitaxel Conjugates as Drug Delivery System: Synthesis, Self-Assembly Property, Drug Release, and Antitumor Activity","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201403088","article-title":"Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Self-Assembling Squalene Conjugates of 3- (Pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene -2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-one Anticancer Agents","volume":"2015","author":"Buchy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-018-7089-6","article-title":"Preparation of low molecular weight Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide and its anticoagulant activity","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y.H., Chen, X.L., Cheng, Z.Q., Liu, S., Yu, H.H., Wang, X.Q., and Li, P.C. (2017). Degradation of Polysaccharides from Grateloupia filicina and Their Antiviral Activity to Avian Leucosis Virus Subgroup J. Mar. Drugs, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/md15110345"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","article-title":"Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances","volume":"28","author":"Dubois","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(69)90091-8","article-title":"A modified method for chondrosulfatase assay","volume":"32","author":"Kawai","year":"1969","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-009-9205-0","article-title":"Analysis of the monosaccharide composition of fucoidan by precolumn derivation HPLC. Chin","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1021\/jf040188w","article-title":"Linolenic acid-modified chitosan for formation of self-assembled nanoparticles","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.01.063","article-title":"Effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on phospholipid membrane integrity and fluidity","volume":"287","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3390\/md9071187","article-title":"Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Rhodophytha, Gigartinales) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales)","volume":"9","author":"Bouhlal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/md9010124","article-title":"Heterofucans from the brown seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis with anticoagulant and antioxidant activities","volume":"9","author":"Camara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.08.040","article-title":"Comparison of structures and anticoagulant activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from different sea cucumbers","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2007.05.008","article-title":"Structural features and anti-HIV-1 activity of novel polysaccharides from red algae Grateloupia longifolia and Grateloupia filicina","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.04.058","article-title":"Characterisation of fucoidan extracted from Malaysian Sargassum binderi","volume":"209","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"439","article-title":"Hydrophobically modified starch using long-chain fatty acids for preparation of nanosized starch particles","volume":"18","author":"Namazia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Iran."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1021\/bm049869q","article-title":"Facilitated synthesis of inulin esters by transesterification","volume":"5","author":"Rogge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2020.106225","article-title":"Adsorption of anionic polymers on hematite-a study of zeta potential distributions","volume":"148","author":"Engwayu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105466","article-title":"Polymeric micelles based on amphiphilic oleic acid modified carboxymethyl chitosan for oral drug delivery of bcs class iv compound: Intestinal permeability and pharmacokinetic evaluation","volume":"153","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104608","article-title":"Multifunctional micelles self-assembled from hyaluronic acid conjugate for enhancing anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel","volume":"152","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2019.123967","article-title":"Norm descriptors for predicting the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of anionic surfactants","volume":"583","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.05.009","article-title":"Cholesterol and fat lowering with hydrophobic polysaccharide derivatives","volume":"116","author":"Taubner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat5053","article-title":"Broad-spectrum non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles with a virucidal inhibition mechanism","volume":"17","author":"Cagno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(94)80021-9","article-title":"Synthesis of sulfated alkyl malto- and laminara-oligosaccharides with potent inhibitory effects on AIDS virus infection","volume":"260","author":"Katsuraya","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6695","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00101a001","article-title":"Synthesis of sulfated alkyl laminara-oligosaccharides having potent anti-HIV activity and the relationship between structure and biological activities","volume":"27","author":"Katsuraya","year":"1994","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6697","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00124a001","article-title":"Synthesis of Sulfated Alkyl Malto-oligosaccharides with Potent Inhibitory Effects on AIDS Virus Infection","volume":"28","author":"Katsuraya","year":"1995","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317420","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/317420","article-title":"Sulfated Alkyl Glucopyranans with Potent Antiviral Activity Synthesized by Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Anhydroglucose and Alkyl Anhydroglucose Monomers","volume":"2015","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116518","article-title":"Role of a long-chain alkyl group in sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides with high anti-HIV activity revealed by SPR and DLS","volume":"245","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/masy.19971200116","article-title":"Synthesis of sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides with potent anti-HIV activity","volume":"120","author":"Uryu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Macromol. Symp."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.05.009","article-title":"Prevention of human enterovirus 71 infection by kappa carrageenan","volume":"95","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.08.010","article-title":"In vitro inhibitory effect of carrageenan oligosaccharide on influenza A H1N1 virus","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.01.108","article-title":"Preparation and anti-influenza A virus activity of kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharide and its sulphated derivatives","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9237","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01362-16","article-title":"Inhibition of Human Metapneumovirus Binding to Heparan Sulfate Blocks Infection in Human Lung Cells and Airway Tissues","volume":"90","author":"Klimyte","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.187","article-title":"Ulvan lyase assisted structural characterization of ulvan from Ulva pertusa and its antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus","volume":"157","author":"Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9415965","article-title":"Antiviral Activity against Avian Leucosis Virus Subgroup J of Degraded Polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa","volume":"2018","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.010","article-title":"Analysis of interaction between sulfated polysaccharides and HIV oligopeptides by surface plasmon resonance","volume":"125","author":"Battulga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/11\/3265\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:10:01Z","timestamp":1760163001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/11\/3265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26113265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26113265","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]}}}