{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:25:44Z","timestamp":1784676344703,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC0910700, 2016YFB0201702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC0910700, 2016YFB0201702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human testis and epididymis play critical roles in male fertility, including the spermatogenesis process, sperm storage, and maturation. However, the unique functions of the two organs had not been systematically studied. Herein, we provide a systematic and comprehensive multi-omics study between testis and epididymis. RNA-Seq profiling detected and quantified 19,653 in the testis and 18,407 in the epididymis. Proteomic profiling resulted in the identification of a total of 11,024 and 10,386 proteins in the testis and epididymis, respectively, including 110 proteins that previously have been classified as MPs (missing proteins). Furthermore, Five MPs expressed in testis were validated by the MRM method. Subsequently, multi-omcis between testis and epididymis were performed, including biological functions and pathways of DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) in each group, revealing that those differences were related to spermatogenesis, male gamete generation, as well as reproduction. In conclusion, this study can help us find the expression regularity of missing protein and help related scientists understand the physiological functions of testis and epididymis more deeply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T10:38:39Z","timestamp":1622630319000},"page":"3345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Multi-Omics Study of Human Testis and Epididymis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Weimin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengyang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huali","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00408.x","article-title":"Physiology, pathology and pharmacology of the male reproductive system","volume":"61","author":"Mawhinney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2015","article-title":"Spermatogenesis: The Commitment to Meiosis","volume":"96","author":"Griswold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. 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