{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:05:15Z","timestamp":1791687915491,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Propolis is a balsamic product obtained from vegetable resins by exotic Africanized bees Apis mellifera L., transported and processed by them, originating from the activity that explores and maintains these individuals. Because of its vegetable and natural origins, propolis is a complex mixture of different compound classes; among them are the volatile compounds present in the aroma. In this sense, in the present study we evaluated the volatile fraction of propolis present in the aroma obtained by distillation and simultaneous extraction, and its chemical composition was determined using coupled gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and flame ionization detection. The majority of compounds were sesquiterpene and hydrocarbons, comprising 8.2\u201322.19% \u03b1-copaene and 6.2\u201321.7% \u03b2-caryophyllene, with additional compounds identified in greater concentrations. Multivariate analysis showed that samples collected from one region may have different chemical compositions, which may be related to the location of the resin\u2019s production. This may be related to other bee products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"3462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Chemical Composition of Volatile Compounds in Apis mellifera Propolis from the Northeast Region of Par\u00e1 State, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4076-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mozaniel Santana","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia\u2014Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa S\/N, Guam\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-900, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Adolpho Ducke-Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Bot\u00e2nica, Museu Paraense Em\u00edlio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0529-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorddy Neves","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia\u2014Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa S\/N, Guam\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-900, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7881-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oberdan Oliveira","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia\u2014Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa S\/N, Guam\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-900, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Santiago","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria-Embrapa Amaz\u00f4nia Oriental, Tv. Dr. Eneas Pinheiro, s\/n\u2014Marco, Bel\u00e9m 66095-903, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natanael Santiago","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Soil Water for Irrigation Purposes and Vegetable Tissues, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Cear\u00e1, Limoeiro do Norte 62930-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos En\u00ea Chaves","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria-Embrapa Amaz\u00f4nia Oriental, Tv. Dr. Eneas Pinheiro, s\/n\u2014Marco, Bel\u00e9m 66095-903, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio Cristino","family":"Venturieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pollination Ecology, Meliponiculture and Beekeeping, NATIVO Company, Wavell Heights North, QLD 4012, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro","family":"Guilhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa S\/N, Guam\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-900, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Pedro da Silva","family":"Souza Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria-Embrapa Amaz\u00f4nia Oriental, Tv. Dr. Eneas Pinheiro, s\/n\u2014Marco, Bel\u00e9m 66095-903, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloisa Helena de Aguiar","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia\u2014Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa S\/N, Guam\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-900, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Adolpho Ducke-Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Bot\u00e2nica, Museu Paraense Em\u00edlio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa S\/N, Guam\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-900, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.52.4.10","article-title":"Miscellaneous standard methods for Apis mellifera research","volume":"52","author":"Human","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evx009","article-title":"The complex demographic history and evolutionary origin of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera","volume":"9","author":"Cridland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biol. 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