{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:46:28Z","timestamp":1787957188768,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catechins are a part of the chemical family of flavonoids, a naturally occurring antioxidant, and a secondary metabolite in certain plants. Green tea catechins are well recognized for their essential anti-inflammatory, photo-protective, antioxidant, and chemo-preventive functions. Ultraviolet radiation is a principal cause of damage to the skin. Studies observed that regular intake of green tea catechins increased the minimal dose of radiation required to induce erythema. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to determine the effectiveness of green tea catechins in cutaneous erythema and elucidate whether green tea catechin consumption protects against erythema (sunburn) inflammation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies. Two researchers carried out independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The pooled effect of green tea catechins on protection against erythema was assessed using approaches fixed-effects or random-effects model to quantify the effectiveness of green tea catechins in the erythema dose\u2013response. Studies not be included in meta-analyses were summarized narratively. Six randomized controlled studies of enrolled studies regularly administrated green tea catechins orally for 6 to 12 weeks involving healthy volunteers comprising a total of 100 participants were included in the analysis. The results revealed green tea catechins have favorable protection against erythema inflammation even at increased minimal erythema dose (MED) of ultraviolet radiation. Meta-analysis results confirm oral supplementation of green tea catechins is highly effective at low-intensity ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema response (MED range; 1.25\u20131.30) compared to placebo, showing a significant pooling difference (p = 0.002) in erythema index (SMD: \u22120.35; 95% CI, \u22120.57 to \u22120.13; I2 = 4%, p = 0.40) in the random-effects model. The pro-inflammatory signaling pathways through oral supplementation with green tea catechins are an attractive strategy for photo-protection in healthy human subjects and could represent a complementary approach to topical sunscreens. Therefore, studies that involved green tea catechin in topical applications to human subjects were also evaluated separately, and their meta-analysis is presented as a reference. The evidence indicates that regular green tea catechin supplementation is associated with protection against UV-induced damage due to erythema inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26123702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1623928826000},"page":"3702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Green Tea Catechin Association with Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Erythema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mahendra P.","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Sugita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukusawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Fukuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preemptive and Integrative Medicine Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Timm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiyo International Inc., 5960 Golden Hills Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55416, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ozeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00286.x","article-title":"Effects of visible light on the skin","volume":"84","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08708.x","article-title":"Dynamics of pigmentation induction by repeated ultraviolet exposures: Dose, dose interval, and ultraviolet spectrum dependence","volume":"159","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. 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