{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:38:57Z","timestamp":1790620737522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA023168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA023168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inadvertent severing of a ureter during surgery occurs in as many as 4.5% of colorectal surgeries. To help prevent this issue, several near-infrared (NIR) dyes have been developed to assist surgeons with identifying ureter location. However, the majority of these dyes exhibit at least some issue that precludes their widespread usage such as high levels of uptake in other tissues, overlapping emission wavelengths with other NIR dyes used for other fluorescence-guided surgeries, and\/or rapid excretion times through the ureters. To overcome these limitations, we have synthesized and characterized the spectral properties and biodistribution of a new series of PEGylated UreterGlow derivatives. The most promising dye, UreterGlow-11 was shown to almost exclusively excrete through the kidneys\/ureters with detectable fluorescence observed for at least 12 h. Additionally, while the excitation wavelength is similar to that of other NIR dyes used for cancer resections, the emission is shifted by ~30 nm allowing for discrimination between the different fluorescence-guided surgery probes. In conclusion, these new UreterGlow dyes show promising optical and biodistribution characteristics and are good candidates for translation into the clinic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26123739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]],"date-time":"2021-06-20T21:50:15Z","timestamp":1624225815000},"page":"3739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Design of a Near Infrared Fluorescent Ureter Imaging Agent for Prevention of Ureter Damage during Abdominal Surgeries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sakkarapalayam M.","family":"Mahalingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science and PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karson S.","family":"Putt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madduri","family":"Srinivasarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip S.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-5910.2012.00134.x","article-title":"Role of prophylactic ureteric stents in colorectal surgery","volume":"5","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J. Endosc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.06.041","article-title":"The Impact of Minimally Invasive Surgery on Major Iatrogenic Ureteral Injury and Subsequent Ureteral Repair during Hysterectomy: A National Analysis of Risk Factors and Outcomes","volume":"98","author":"Packiam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.111298","article-title":"Bilateral uterosacral ligament vaginal vault suspension with site-specific endopelvic fascia defect repair for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse","volume":"183","author":"Barber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318272393b","article-title":"Utility of cystoscopy during hysterectomy","volume":"120","author":"Sandberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001425","article-title":"Prevention, Recognition, and Management of Urologic Injuries during Gynecologic Surgery","volume":"127","author":"Sharp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-008-0788-3","article-title":"Prophylactic ureteral catheterization in gynecologic surgery: A 12-year randomized trial in a community hospital","volume":"20","author":"Chou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.02.025","article-title":"Ureteral stenting in laparoscopic colorectal surgery","volume":"190","author":"Speicher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31108","DOI":"10.5812\/numonthly.31108","article-title":"Benefits and Complications of Removing Ureteral Stent Based on the Elapsed Time after Renal Transplantation Surgery","volume":"8","author":"Dadkhah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrourol. Mon."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"667","article-title":"Cost analysis of prophylactic intraoperative cystoscopic ureteral stents in gynecologic surgery","volume":"111","author":"Fanning","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104072","article-title":"Indocyanine green: Observations on its physical properties, plasma decay, and hepatic extraction","volume":"39","author":"Cherrick","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00427","article-title":"Intraoperative Ureter Visualization Using a Novel Near-Infrared Fluorescent Dye","volume":"15","author":"Mahalingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.05.017","article-title":"Indocyanine green for intraoperative localization of ureter","volume":"211","author":"Siddighi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/2284026520934272","article-title":"Ureteric mapping with Indocyanine green: A new tool to prevent ureteral injury in complex gynecological surgery","volume":"12","author":"Rajanbabu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endometr. Pelvic Pain Disord."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.08.057","article-title":"Use of indocyanine green during robot-assisted ureteral reconstructions","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2019-000895","article-title":"Intra-operative identification of ureters using indocyanine green for gynecological oncology procedures","volume":"30","author":"Cabanes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-019-01973-4","article-title":"Currently available and experimental dyes for intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence imaging of the ureters: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Slooter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tech. Coloproctol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.11.1089","article-title":"Use of monoclonal antibody-IRDye800CW bioconjugates in the resection of breast cancer","volume":"188","author":"Korb","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-014-0727-2","article-title":"A High-Affinity Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe to Target Bombesin Receptors","volume":"16","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.6b00374","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Targeted Near-IR Dye for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Neuroendocrine Cancers","volume":"27","author":"Kanduluru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1021\/mp400429h","article-title":"Evaluation of a cholecystokinin 2 receptor-targeted near-infrared dye for fluorescence-guided surgery of cancer","volume":"11","author":"Wayua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.3.11.1293","article-title":"Designing PEGylated therapeutic molecules: Advantages in ADMET properties","volume":"3","author":"Hamidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2174\/138920012798356934","article-title":"PEGylation of proteins and liposomes: A powerful and flexible strategy to improve the drug delivery","volume":"13","author":"Milla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180730161721","article-title":"Impact of PEGylated nanoparticles on tumor targeted drug delivery","volume":"24","author":"Mozar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9713","article-title":"Optical innovations in surgery","volume":"102","author":"Harlaar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6596-z","article-title":"Near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy of the ureter with three preclinical dyes in a pig model","volume":"33","author":"Bouvy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Bono, M.J., and Reygaert, W.C. (2021). Urinary Tract Infection. StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/12\/3739\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:19:03Z","timestamp":1760163543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/12\/3739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26123739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26123739","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]}}}