{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:03:27Z","timestamp":1787245407279,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004787","name":"The Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BFP\/RGP\/CBS\/18\/011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFP\/RGP\/CBS\/18\/011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["TURSP-2020\/71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/71"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f. (crude extract and subfractions, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous) were explored. Initially, extraction and fractionation of the selected medicinal plant were carried out, followed by phytochemical qualitative tests, which were mostly positive for all the extracts. EtOAc fraction possessed a significant amount of phenolic (79.2 \u00b1 0.30 mg GAE\/g) and flavonoid (84.0 \u00b1 0.39 mg QE\/g) content. The EtOAc fraction of S. edelbergii exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) strains and significant zones of inhibition were observed against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). However, it was found inactive against Candida Albicans and Fusarium oxysporum fungal strains. The chloroform fraction was the most effective with an IC50 value of 172 and 74 \u00b5g\/mL against DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and ABTS assays, in comparison with standard ascorbic acid 59 and 63 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction displayed significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (54%) using carrageenan-induced assay and significant (55%) in vivo analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writing assay. In addition, nine known compounds, ursolic acid (UA), ovaul (OV), oleanolic acid (OA), \u03b2-sitosterol (BS), micromeric acid (MA), taraxasterol acetate (TA), 5,3\u2032,4\u2032-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavone (FL-1), 5,7,4\u2032-trihydroxy-6,3\u2032-dimiethoxyflavone (FL-2) and 7-methoxy catechin (FL-3), were isolated from methanolic extract of S. edelbergii. These constituents have never been obtained from this source. The structures of all the isolated constituents were elucidated by spectroscopic means. In conclusion, the EtOAc fraction and all other fractions of S. edelbergii, in general, displayed a significant role as antibacterial, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents which may be due to the presence of these constituents and other flavonoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26123740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]],"date-time":"2021-06-20T21:50:15Z","timestamp":1624225815000},"page":"3740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Biomedical Applications of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8839-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muddaser","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"},{"name":"Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waheed","family":"Murad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1563-225X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najeeb","family":"Ur Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobia Ahsan","family":"Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manzoor","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazir","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4528-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed","family":"Zahoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6042-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidra","family":"Mubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajmal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2806-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Nassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaber El-Saber","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0815-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Harrasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"In Vitro Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anticholinesterase, and In Vivo Toxicological, Hypoglycemic, and Antilipidemic Potentials of Ziziphus oxyphylla","volume":"39","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lat. Am. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, H., Saeed, M., Mehmood, M.H., Rehman, N.U., Muhammad, N., Haq, I.U., Ashraf, N., El-Tahir, K.E.H., and Gilani, A.-H. (2013). Studies on tracheorelaxant and anti-inflammatory activities of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticillatum. BMC Complement. Altern. 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