{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:20:53Z","timestamp":1787239253306,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review, a timeline starting at the willow bark and ending in the latest discoveries of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs will be discussed. Furthermore, the chemical features of the different small organic molecules that have been used in pain management will be studied. Then, the mechanism of different types of pain will be assessed, including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and the relationship found between oxidative stress and pain. This will include obtaining insights into the cyclooxygenase action mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as ibuprofen and etoricoxib and the structural difference between the two cyclooxygenase isoforms leading to a selective inhibition, the action mechanism of pregabalin and its use in chronic neuropathic pain, new theories and studies on the analgesic action mechanism of paracetamol and how changes in its structure can lead to better characteristics of this drug, and cannabinoid action mechanism in managing pain through a cannabinoid receptor mechanism. Finally, an overview of the different approaches science is taking to develop more efficient molecules for pain treatment will be presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26134029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T05:00:10Z","timestamp":1625115610000},"page":"4029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Role of Organic Small Molecules in Pain Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n A.","family":"Cuesta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 Apartado, Quito 17-01-2184, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-5247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 Apartado, Quito 17-01-2184, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180514112124","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Ferrer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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