{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:51:33Z","timestamp":1790506293297,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A wide range of mediators are released from the pulp tissue because of bacterial invasion which causes inflammation. Interleukins (ILs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have a leading role in initiating and spreading of inflammation because of their synergic action. Biomarkers such as ILs and MMPs can be identified via several methods, establishing the inflammatory response of the dental pulp. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the levels of ILs and\/or MMPs in human dental pulp. PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science and Wiley online library databases were searched for original clinical studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a quality assessment of studies was performed based on a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. In the review were included articles that evaluated the presence of ILs and\/or MMPs in pulp tissue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blot or multiplex assay. Six articles were included in the present synthesis. Although various diagnostic methods were used, statistically significant higher levels of ILs and\/or MMPs were mostly found in the experimental groups compared to healthy pulp samples. The biomarkers studied can be a promising tool to evaluate pulp tissue health or even in pulpitis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26144129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T12:31:25Z","timestamp":1625661085000},"page":"4129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["ILs and MMPs Levels in Inflamed Human Dental Pulp: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Kritikou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Greabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Imre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Miricescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4345-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ripszky Totan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Burcea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iulia-Ioana","family":"Stanescu-Spinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tudor","family":"Spinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei, 010221 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00525.x","article-title":"An overview of the dental pulp: Its functions and responses to injury","volume":"52","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. 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