{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:08:31Z","timestamp":1791947311331,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The skin integrity is essential due to its pivotal role as a biological barrier against external noxious factors. Pentacyclic triterpenes stand as valuable plant-derived natural compounds in the treatment of skin injuries due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing properties. Consequently, the primary aim of the current investigation was the development as well as the physicochemical and pharmaco-toxicological characterization of betulin- and lupeol-based oleogels (Bet OG and Lup OG) for topical application in skin injuries. The results revealed suitable pH as well as organoleptic, rheological, and textural properties. The penetration and permeation of Bet and Lup oleogels through porcine ear skin as well as the retention of both oleogels in the skin were demonstrated through ex vivo studies. In vitro, Bet OG and Lup OG showed good biocompatibility on HaCaT human immortalized cells. Moreover, Bet OG exerted a potent wound-healing property by stimulating the migration of the HaCaT cells. The in ovo results demonstrated the non-irritative potential of the developed formulations. Additionally, the undertaken in vivo investigation indicated a positive effect of oleogels treatment on skin parameters by increasing skin hydration and decreasing erythema. In conclusion, oleogel formulations are ideal for the local delivery of betulin and lupeol in skin disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26144174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T04:14:57Z","timestamp":1625804097000},"page":"4174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Oleogel Formulations for the Topical Delivery of Betulin and Lupeol in Skin Injuries\u2014Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ramona Daniela","family":"P\u00e2rv\u0103nescu (Pan\u0103)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department VIII\u2014Neuroscience, Discipline of Medical Deontology, Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2498-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia-Geanina","family":"Watz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2631-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena-Alina","family":"Moac\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Vlaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iasmina","family":"Marcovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and 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Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3406-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Borcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Olariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgeta","family":"Coneac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8042-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George-Andrei","family":"Dr\u0103ghici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of 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