{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:04:28Z","timestamp":1770419068946,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Development program of Sichuan Province","award":["2018NZDZX0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018NZDZX0005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Youth Innovation teams of animal Feed Biotechnology of Sichuan Province","award":["2016TD0028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016TD0028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine NK-Lysine (PNKL) is a new antimicrobial peptide (AMP) identified in the small intestine. In this study, PNKL protein was obtained through heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and was estimated by SDS-PAGE at 33 kDa. The antibacterial activities of PNKL were determined using various bacterial strains and showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, E. coli K88-challenged IPEC-J2 cells were used to determine PNKL influences on inflammatory responses. Hemolytic assays showed that PNKL had no detrimental impact on cell viability. Interestingly, PNKL elevated the viability of IPEC-J2 cells exposure to E. coli K88. PNKL significantly decreased the cell apoptosis rate, and improved the distribution and abundance of tight junction protein ZO-1 in IPEC-J2 cells upon E. coli K88-challenge. Importantly, PNKL not only down regulated the expressions of inflammatory cytokines such as the IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1, but also down regulated the expressions of NF-\u03baB, Caspase3, and Caspase9 in the E. coli K88-challenged cells. These results suggest a novel function of natural killer (NK)-lysin, and the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of PNKL may allow it a potential substitute for conventionally used antibiotics or drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26144242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T04:26:06Z","timestamp":1626150366000},"page":"4242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Functional Characterization of Porcine NK-Lysin: A Novel Immunomodulator That Regulates Intestinal Inflammatory Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6605-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6292-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangbing","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junqiu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1963-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.003","article-title":"Porcine pathogenic Escherichia coli strains differ from human fecal strains in occurrence of bacteriocin types","volume":"232","author":"Hrala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. 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