{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1770529972041,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cefquinome and ceftiofur are \u03b2-lactam antibiotics used for the treatment of bacterial infections in swine. Although these antimicrobials are administered intramuscularly, the exposure of the gut microbiota to these cephalosporins is not well described. This exposure can contribute to the emergence and spread of antimicrobials in the environment and to the possible spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. To assess the impact of drug administration on the intestinal excretion of these antimicrobials it is essential to measure the amounts of native compound and metabolites in feces. Two (ultra)-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ((U)HPLC\u2013MS\/MS) methods were developed and validated, one for the determination of cefquinome and ceftiofur and the other for the determination of ceftiofur residues, measured as desfuroylceftiofuracetamide, in porcine feces. The matrix-based calibration curve was linear from 5 ng g\u22121 to 1000 ng g\u22121 for cefquinome (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9990 \u00b1 0.0007; goodness of fit (gof) = 3.70 \u00b1 1.43) and ceftiofur (r = 0.9979 \u00b1 0.0009; gof = 5.51 \u00b1 1.14) and quadratic from 30 ng g\u22121 to 2000 ng g\u22121 for desfuroylceftiofuracetamide (r = 0.9960 \u00b1 0.0020; gof = 7.31 \u00b1 1.76). The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy fell within the specified ranges. Since \u03b2-lactam antibiotics are known to be unstable in feces, additional experiments were conducted to adjust the sampling protocol in order to minimize the impact of the matrix constituents on the stability of the analytes. Immediately after sampling, 500 \u00b5L of an 8 \u00b5g mL\u22121 tazobactam solution in water was added to 0.5 g feces, to reduce the degradation in matrix.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T21:21:21Z","timestamp":1627593681000},"page":"4598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for the Quantification of Cefquinome, Ceftiofur, and Desfuroylceftiofuracetamide in Porcine Feces with Emphasis on Analyte Stability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1526-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie","family":"Rutjens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-3517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siska","family":"Croubels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siegrid De","family":"Baere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2512-4176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Devreese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2013.02.010","article-title":"Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following intravenous and intramuscular administration in goats","volume":"113","author":"Dumka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small Rumin. 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