{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:12:55Z","timestamp":1760235175734,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the context of new efficient and safe leaching agents for noble metals, this paper describes the capability of the Me2pipdt\/I2 mixture (where Me2pipdt = N,N\u2032-dimethyl-piperazine-2,3-dithione) in organic solutions to quantitatively dissolve Au, Pd, and Cu metal powders in mild conditions (room temperature and pressure) and short times (within 1 h in the reported conditions). A focus on the structural insights of the obtained coordination compounds is shown, namely [AuI2(Me2pipdt)]I3 (1), [Pd(Me2pipdt)2]I2 (2a) and [Cu(Me2pipdt)2]I3 (3), where the metals are found, respectively, in 3+, 2+ and 1+ oxidation states, and of [Cu(Me2pipdt)2]BF4 (4) and [Cu(Me2dazdt)2]I3 (5) (Me2dazdt = N,N\u2032-dimethyl-perhydrodizepine-2,3-dithione) compared with 3. Au(III) and Pd(II) (d8 configuration) form square\u2013planar complexes, whereas Cu(I) (d10) forms tetrahedral complexes. Density functional theory calculations performed on the cationic species of 1\u20135 help to highlight the nature of the bonding in the different complexes. Finally, the valorization of the noble metals-rich leachates is assessed. Specifically, gold metal is quantitatively recovered from the solution besides the ligands, showing the potential of these systems to promote metal recycling processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T21:44:24Z","timestamp":1628113464000},"page":"4721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characterization and Structural Insights of the Reaction Products by Direct Leaching of the Noble Metals Au, Pd and Cu with N,N\u2032-Dimethyl-piperazine-2,3-dithione\/I2 Mixtures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Serpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, INSTM Unit, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"},{"name":"Environmental Geology and Geoengineering Institute of the National Research Council (IGAG-CNR), Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8753-7094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Pilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3493-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Balestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Life and Environmental Sustainability Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0025-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Marchi\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Life and Environmental Sustainability Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Deplano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Soil Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4300","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA07607G","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in the recovery of gold from electronic waste","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2017.01.018","article-title":"E-waste: An overview on generation, collection, legislation and recycling practices","volume":"122","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2016.05.007","article-title":"Precious metal recovery from waste printed circuit boards: A review for current status and perspectives","volume":"113","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2015.01.017","article-title":"Precious Metal Recovery from waste printed circuit boards using cyanide and non-cyanide lixiviant. A review","volume":"45","author":"Akcil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birich, A., Raslan, S., and Friedrich, M.B. (2018). Screening of Non-cyanide Leaching Reagents for Gold Recovery from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment. J. Sustain. Metall.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40831-018-0160-x"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.08.007","article-title":"Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs): Current status and perspectives\u2014A review","volume":"139","author":"Lia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.8b01871","article-title":"Sustainable Inorganic Chemistry: Metal Separations for Recycling","volume":"58","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17104","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201810447","article-title":"Pyridinethiol-Assisted Dissolution of Elemental Gold in Organic Solutions","volume":"57","author":"Muuronen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Vegli\u00f2, F., and Birloaga, I. (2018). Green chemistry for precious metals recovery from WEEE. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling: Aqueous Recovery Methods, Elsevier Ltd.. Chapter 11."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-386X(76)90004-9","article-title":"The dissolution of gold in acidic solutions of thiourea","volume":"1","author":"Groenewald","year":"1976","journal-title":"Hydrometallurgy"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-386X(97)00076-5","article-title":"An innovative thiourea gold leaching process","volume":"48","author":"Ubaldini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hydrometallurgy"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-386X(03)00005-7","article-title":"Leaching of finely disseminated gold ore with cyanide and thiourea solutions","volume":"69","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hydrometallurgy"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2013.07.017","article-title":"Process development for recovery of copper and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards with emphasize on palladium and gold leaching and precipitation","volume":"33","author":"Behnamfard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ippolito, N.M., Birloaga, I., Ferella, F., Centofanti, M., and Vegli\u00f2, F. (2021). Preliminary Study on Gold Recovery from High Grade E-Wasteby Thiourea Leaching and Electrowinning. Minerals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/min11030235"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2008.01.024","article-title":"Charge transfer complexes of dithioxamides with dihalogens as powerful reagents in the dissolution of noble metals","volume":"252","author":"Serpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1039\/a806158k","article-title":"A powerful new oxidation agent towards metallic gold powder: N,N\u2032-dimethylperhydrodi\u00e0zepine-2,3-dithione (D) bis(diiodine). Synthesis and X-ray structure of [AuDI2]I3","volume":"21","author":"Bigoli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC02237H","article-title":"Chameleon behaviour of iodine in recovering noble-metals from WEEE: Towards sustainability and \u201czero\u201d waste","volume":"17","author":"Serpe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2014-0004","article-title":"From trash to resource: A green approach to noble-metals dissolution and recovery","volume":"3","author":"Serpe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Green Process. Synth."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10111","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201300940","article-title":"Effective one-step gold dissolution using environmentally friendly low-cost reagents","volume":"19","author":"Serpe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Deplano, P., Mercuri, M.L., Pilia, L., Serpe, A., and Vanzi, M. (2008). Process for Recovering Noble Metals from Electric and Electronic Wastes. (EP196493), Patent."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1021\/cg1015065","article-title":"Argentophilic interactions in mono-, di-, and polymeric Ag(I) complexes with N,N\u2032-dimethyl-piperazine-2,3-dithione and iodide","volume":"11","author":"Serpe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serpe, A., Bigoli, F., Cabras, M.C., Fornasiero, P., Graziani, M., Mercuri, M.L., Montini, T., Pilia, L., Trogu, E.F., and Deplano, P. (2005). Pd-Dissolution through a mild and effective one-step reaction and its application for Pd-recovery from spent catalytic converters. Chem. Commun., 1040\u20131042.","DOI":"10.1039\/b415799k"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Deplano, P., Fornasiero, P., Graziani, M., Mercuri, M.L., Serpe, A., and Trogu, E.F. (2005). Method for the Recovery of Palladium. (EP1743044), Patent."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0056015","article-title":"N,N\u2032-Dimethylpiperazinium-2,3-dithione Triiodide, [Me2Pipdt]I3, as a Powerful New Oxidation Agent toward Metallic Platinum. Synthesis and X-ray Structures of the Reagent and the Product [Pt(Me2Pipdt)2](I3)2","volume":"123","author":"Bigoli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.197502501","article-title":"C-N Twisted Ethanedithioamides in Electron-Rich Complexes","volume":"14","author":"Form","year":"1975","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steifel, E.I. (2004). Dithiolene Chemistry: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471471933"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colston, K.J., Dille, S.A., Mogesa, B., Astashkin, A.V., Brant, J.A., Zeller, M., and Basu, P. (2019). Design, Synthesis, and Structure of Copper Dithione Complexes: Redox-Dependent Charge Transfer. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 4939\u20134948.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201901222"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213211","article-title":"Dithione, the antipodal redox partner of ene-1,2-dithiol ligands and their metal complexes","volume":"409","author":"Basu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b00410","article-title":"Ionic couple-driven palladium leaching by organic triiodide solutions","volume":"5","author":"Cuscusa","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2014.12.020","article-title":"Sulfur and selenium antioxidants: Challenging radical scavenging mechanisms and developing structure\u2013activity relationships based on metal binding","volume":"145","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11685","DOI":"10.1021\/ic401366c","article-title":"Oxidation of Biologically Relevant Chalcogenones and Their Cu(I) Complexes: Insight into Selenium and Sulfur Antioxidant Activity","volume":"52","author":"Kimani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00484","article-title":"The Halogen Bond","volume":"116","author":"Cavallo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11178","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cp00054k","article-title":"Halogen bonding and other \u03c3-hole interactions: A perspective","volume":"15","author":"Politzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201800750","article-title":"The \u03c3-Hole Coulombic Interpretation of Trihalide Anion Formation","volume":"19","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"ChemPhysChem"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comptc.2016.06.026","article-title":"Electrostatic surface potential analysis of the I3- ion in the gas phase, the condensed phase and a novel extrapolation to the solid state","volume":"1090","author":"Groenewald","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comput. Theor. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5674","DOI":"10.1021\/cg500958q","article-title":"The \u03c3-Hole Coulombic Interpretation of Trihalide Anion Formation Halogen Bonding and Other Iodine Interactions in Crystals of Dihydrothiazolo(oxazino)quinolinium Oligoiodides from the Electron-Density Viewpoint","volume":"14","author":"Bartashevich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Desiraju, G.R., and Steiner, T. (1999). The Weak Hydrogen Bond in Structural Chemistry and Biology, OUP."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1039\/B617136B","article-title":"Structural variation in copper(i) complexes with pyridylmethylamide ligands: Structural analysis with a new four-coordinate geometry index, \u03c44","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poly.2018.02.016","article-title":"Novel complexes possessing Hg\u2013(Cl, Br, I)\u22efOC halogen bonding and unusual Hg2S2(Br\/I)4 kernel. The usefulness of \u03c44\u2032 structural parameter","volume":"146","author":"Rosiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1107\/S205225251303491X","article-title":"Type II halogen\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7halogen contacts are halogen bonds","volume":"1","author":"Metrangolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"IUCrJ"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-8545(98)00238-0","article-title":"Structural and Raman spectroscopic studies as complementary tools in elucidating the nature of the bonding in polyiodides and in donor-I2 adducts","volume":"188","author":"Deplano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.1021\/ic025788w","article-title":"Ion Pair Charge-Transfer Complexes between Anionic and Cationic Metal-Dithiolenes [M(II)] = Pd, Pt]","volume":"41","author":"Bigoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1021\/ed067p399","article-title":"MO Theory Made Visible","volume":"67","author":"Mealli","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12429","DOI":"10.1039\/c3dt51407b","article-title":"Near-infrared pigments based on ion-pair charge transfer salts of dicationic and dianionic metal\u2013dithiolene [M(II) = Pd, Pt] complexes","volume":"42","author":"Espa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1021\/ic061181u","article-title":"Molecular and Electronic Structure of Square-Planar Gold Complexes Containing Two 1,2-Di(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiolato Ligands: [Au(2L)2]1+\/0\/1-\/2-. A Combined Experimental and Computational Study","volume":"46","author":"Kokatam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10997","DOI":"10.1021\/ja030124m","article-title":"Analysis and Interpretation of Metal-Radical Coupling in a Series of Square Planar Nickel Complexes: Correlated Ab Initio and Density Functional Investigation of [Ni(LISQ)2] (LISQ)3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-diiminobenzosemiquinonate(1-)","volume":"125","author":"Herebian","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Kumar, S. (2011). Recycling of Printed Circuit Boards, Integrated Waste Management\u2014Volume II, InTech. Available online: http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/integrated-waste-management-volume-ii\/recycling-of-printed-circuit-boards."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2018.1540760","article-title":"Recent advances on hydrometallurgical recovery of critical and precious elements from end of life electronic wastes\u2014A review","volume":"49","author":"Sethurajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b04983","article-title":"Advances in Recovering Noble Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs)","volume":"7","author":"Rigoldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5846","DOI":"10.1039\/C7GC02678A","article-title":"From recovered metal waste to high-performance palladium catalysts","volume":"19","author":"Jantan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Bruker (2012). APEX3 Software, Bruker AXS Inc."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Agilent (2014). CrysAlis PRO, Agilent Technologies Ltd."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576714022985","article-title":"[SADABS-2016\/2]\u2014Bruker AXS area detector scaling and absorption correction","volume":"48","author":"Krause","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053273314026370","article-title":"SHELXT\u2014Integrated Space-Group and Crystal-Structure Determination","volume":"71","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A Found. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053229614024218","article-title":"Crystal Structure Refinement with SHELXL. Acta Crystallogr","volume":"71","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sect. C Struct. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889808042726","article-title":"OLEX2: A complete structure solution, refinement and analysis program","volume":"42","author":"Dolomanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Parr, R.G., and Yang, W. (1989). Density Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Frisch, M.J., Trucks, G.W., Schlegel, H.B., Scuseria, G.E., Robb, M.A., Cheeseman, J.R., Scalmani, G., Barone, V., Petersson, G.A., and Nakatsuji, H. (2016). Gaussian 09, Revision A.02, Inc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5648","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464913","article-title":"Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange","volume":"98","author":"Becke","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.37.785","article-title":"Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00533485","article-title":"The influence of polarization functions on molecular orbital hydrogenation energies","volume":"28","author":"Hariharan","year":"1973","journal-title":"Theoret. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1063\/1.448799","article-title":"Ab initio effective core potentials for molecular calculations\u2014Potentials for the transition-metal atoms Sc to Hg","volume":"82","author":"Hay","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1039\/b508541a","article-title":"Balanced basis sets of split valence, triple zeta valence and quadruple zeta valence quality for H to Rn: Design and assessment of accuracy","volume":"7","author":"Weigend","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Thompson, M.A. (2021, August 03). ArgusLab 4.0.1, Available online: http:\/\/www.arguslab.com\/arguslab.com\/ArgusLab.html\/."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC06921C","article-title":"Cu(III)\u2013bis-thiolato complex forms an unusual mono-thiolato Cu(III)\u2013peroxido adduct","volume":"57","author":"Donnelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/16\/4721\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:40:30Z","timestamp":1760164830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/16\/4721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26164721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26164721","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]}}}