{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:34:43Z","timestamp":1778758483107,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1-S-8774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1-S-8774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory joint disease with complex pathogenesis associated with cytokine dysregulation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a role in systemic inflammation and joint destruction in RA and could be associated with the secretion of other immune-modulatory cytokines such as IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33. For the above, our main aim was to evaluate the IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 secretion from recombinant human MIF (rhMIF)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of RA patients. The rhMIF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus rhMIF stimuli promote the secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 (p &lt; 0.05) from PBMC of RA patients. The study groups, the different stimuli, and the interaction between both showed a statistically significant effect on the secretion of IL-25 (p &lt; 0.05) and IL-31 (p &lt; 0.01). The study of the effect of the RA patient treatments and their interaction with the effect of stimuli did not show an interaction between them. In conclusion, our study generates new evidence for the role of MIF in the secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 and its immunomodulatory effect on RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T21:27:40Z","timestamp":1629235660000},"page":"4968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Novel Role of MIF in the Secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 from PBMC of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Arellano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Alexis","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0755-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Cerpa-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4390-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Athziri","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Zuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8384-8055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melva Guadalupe","family":"Herrera-Godina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18001","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Smolen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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