{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:14:45Z","timestamp":1790540085123,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) belongs to demyelinating diseases, which are progressive and highly debilitating pathologies that imply a high burden both on individual patients and on society. Currently, several treatment strategies differ in the route of administration, adverse events, and possible risks. Side effects associated with multiple sclerosis medications range from mild symptoms, such as flu-like or irritation at the injection site, to serious ones, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other life-threatening events. Moreover, the agents so far available have proved incapable of fully preventing disease progression, mostly during the phases that consist of continuous, accumulating disability. Thus, new treatment strategies, able to halt or even reverse disease progression and specific for targeting solely the pathways that contribute to the disease pathogenesis, are highly desirable. Here, we provide an overview of the recent literature about peptide-based systems tested on experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) models. Since peptides are considered a unique therapeutic niche and important elements in the pharmaceutical landscape, they could open up new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T04:07:28Z","timestamp":1630382848000},"page":"5227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An Overview of Peptide-Based Molecules as Potential Drug Candidates for Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-8635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annarita","family":"Del Gatto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CIRPeB, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80134 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5086-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Saviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRPeB, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80134 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Crystallography, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6843-0152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Zaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CIRPeB, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80134 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-07063-z","article-title":"Immune-cell crosstalk in multiple sclerosis","volume":"563","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0518-4","article-title":"Beyond the Magic Bullet: Current Progress of Therapeutic Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Willekens","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3871","article-title":"Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Dendrou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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