{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:01:12Z","timestamp":1792094472252,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]],"date-time":"2021-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is increased attention paid to metallic nanoparticles due to their intensive use in various branches of agriculture and biotechnology, such as pest management, nanosensors, gene delivery, seed treatment, etc. There has been growing interest in applying environmentally friendly strategies for synthesizing nanoparticles without using substances which are hazardous to the environment. Biological practices for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been considered as possible ecofriendly alternatives to chemical synthesis. In the present study, we used biogenic silver and copper nanoparticles which were prepared by a previously reported green method. Moreover, the problem of chemical residues, which usually remain along with chemically synthesized nanoparticles and limit their application, was solved by developing such a green synthesis approach. To study the antibacterial activity of silver and copper nanoparticles, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used; for the evaluation of antifungal activity, the pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea, Pilidium concavum and Pestalotia sp. were applied. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first time that the antifungal impact of a nanoparticle has been tested on Pilidium concavum and Pestalotia sp. Silver nanoparticles were found to be the more effective antimicrobial agent against all examined pathogens in comparison to copper nanoparticles. Data from such investigations provide valuable preliminary data on silver nanoparticle-based compounds or composites for use in the management of different pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:18:26Z","timestamp":1630934306000},"page":"5402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Biogenic Silver and Copper Nanoparticles: The First Report of Applying Biogenic Nanoparticles against Pilidium concavum and Pestalotia sp. Fungi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0432-3598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Bayat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meisam","family":"Zargar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Chudinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Astarkhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pakina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6735426","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6735426","article-title":"Synthesis and Catalytic and Biological Activities of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Using Cassia occidentalis","volume":"2018","author":"Gondwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.18596\/jotcsa.287299","article-title":"Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using a Different Method: Determination of Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"3","author":"Gultekin","year":"2016","journal-title":"JOTCSA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47313","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA08863H","article-title":"Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using aqueous extract of the leaves of Euphorbia esula L and their catalytic activity for ligand-free Ullmann coupling reaction and reduction of 4-nitrophenol","volume":"4","author":"Nasrollahzadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA08982E","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Biomolecule-nanoparticle organizations targeting antimicrobial activity","volume":"9","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-018-2532-3","article-title":"Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Activity against Microbes","volume":"13","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/3\/7\/075403","article-title":"Tallow amphopolycarboxyglycinate-stabilized silver nanoparticles: New frontiers in development of plant protection products with a broad spectrum of action against phytopathogens","volume":"3","author":"Krutyakov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandelli, A., Carolina Ritter, A., and Fonseca Veras, F. (2017). Chapter 15, Antimicrobial Activities of Metal Nanoparticles, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63790-7_15"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narware, J., Yadav, R., Keswani, S., Singh, S.P., and Singh, H.B. (2019). Chapter 13, Silver Nanoparticlebased Biopesticides for Phytopathogens: Scope and Potential in Agriculture, Nano-Biopesticides Today and Future Perspectives, Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815829-6.00013-9"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-015-1733-7","article-title":"Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of CuO Nanoparticles Suspension Induced by Laser Ablation in Liquid","volume":"41","author":"Khashan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"18","article-title":"Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Eclipta prostrata leaves extract and their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities","volume":"14","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2018.04.007","article-title":"Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves","volume":"213","author":"Nagar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.4172\/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000281","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Stable Copper Nanoparticles and Synergistic Activity with Antibiotics","volume":"79","author":"Mandava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"28","article-title":"Biological Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and its impact\u2014A Review","volume":"3","author":"Ananda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Invent."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1039\/c1gc15386b","article-title":"Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants","volume":"13","author":"Iravani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-2279-1","article-title":"Biogenic copper nanoparticles and their applications: A review","volume":"2","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201000167","article-title":"Biotemplates in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles","volume":"5","author":"Vijayaraghavan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34926","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA04164H","article-title":"Facile green synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"9","author":"Divya","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayat, M., Zargar, M., Astarkhanova, T., Pakina, E., Ladan, S., Lyashko, M., and Shkurkin, S. (2021). Facile biogenic synthesis and characterization of seven metal-based nanoparticles conjugated with phytochemical bioactives using fragaria ananassa leaf extract. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26103025"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.027888","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Plant Root Interactions. Pathogenicity, Biofilm Formation, and Root Exudation","volume":"134","author":"Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00560-1","article-title":"The hypersensitive response facilitates plant infection by the necrotrophic pathogen","volume":"10","author":"Govrin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Botrytis cinerea. Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-01-14-0048-PDN","article-title":"First Report of Pilidium concavum Causing Tan-brown Rot on Strawberry Nursery Stock in South Carolina","volume":"98","author":"Bryson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"45","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of some fungicides and tea extract against Pestalotia sp. and Colletotrichum sp., the causal agents of leaf spot and anthracnose of azalea","volume":"7","author":"Moshayedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ornam. Plants"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karaman, D.S., Manner, S., Fallarero, A., and Jessica, M. (2017). Current Approaches for Exploration of Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Agents. Antibact. Agent.","DOI":"10.5772\/68138"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02207","article-title":"Efficiency of Biosynthesized Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles Against Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Punjabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5221","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10105221","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, Their Characterization, Application and Antibacterial Activity","volume":"10","author":"Okafor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00167","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity and Synergistic Antibacterial Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria along with its Anticandidal and Antioxidant Effects","volume":"8","author":"Patra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33820","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3346-7","article-title":"Early plant growth and bacterial community in rhizoplane of wheat and flax exposed to silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles","volume":"25","author":"Gorczyca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v16i4.2","article-title":"Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Abutilon indicum leaf extract: Antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic dye degradation activities","volume":"16","author":"Ijaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.12991\/mpj.2017.31","article-title":"Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa fruit and investigation of its antibacterial activity","volume":"21","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Marmara Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5941\/MYCO.2012.40.1.053","article-title":"Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Various Plant Pathogenic Fungi","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycobiology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-020-01449-1","article-title":"Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Stems and Flowers of Felty Germander","volume":"30","author":"Ghojavand","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9535432","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9535432","article-title":"Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Epoxiconazole against Setosphaeria turcica","volume":"2020","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.5423\/PPJ.2009.25.4.376","article-title":"Effects of colloidal silver nanoparticles on sclerotium-forming phytopathogenic fungi","volume":"25","author":"Min","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Plant Pathol"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, S., Keswani, C., Singh, A., Singh, B.R., Singh, S.P., and Singh, H.B. (2016). Microbial nanoformulation: Exploring potential for coherent nano-farming. The Handbook of Microbial Bioresourses, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780645216.0107"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"725","article-title":"Phyto-assisted green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its antibacterial and antifungal activity","volume":"20","author":"Bayat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Crop."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.3628","article-title":"Establishment of an EC50 database of pesticides using a Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence method","volume":"34","author":"Aaron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005","article-title":"Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review","volume":"6","author":"Balouiri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Koneman, E.W., Allen, S.D., Janda, W.M., Schreckenberger, P.C., and Winn, J.R. (1997). Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, Lippincott-Raven Publishers. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-017-0561-3","article-title":"ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and their antifungal activity against coffee fungus Erythricium salmonicolor","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/17\/5402\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:56:55Z","timestamp":1760165815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/17\/5402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26175402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26175402","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]]}}}