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In the same way, the peptide FA1 induced phagocytosis in BMDM cells from 1.17 to 4.69 \u03bcg\/mL and in RAW 264.7 cells at 150 \u03bcg\/mL. Cytokine profiles of uninfected RAW 264.7 showed that Pin2[G] increased liberation TNF (from 1.25 to 10 \u03bcg\/mL) and MCP-1 (10 \u03bcg\/mL), and FA1 also increased the release of TNF (from 18.75 to 75 \u03bcg\/mL) but did not increase the liberation of MCP-1. In RAW 264.7 macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the expression of TNF increases with Pin2[G] (1.25\u201310 \u03bcg\/mL) or FA1 (18.75\u201375 \u03bcg\/mL). In these cells, FA1 also increases the expression of IL-12p70, IL-10 and IFN-\u03b3 when applied at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. On the other hand, stimulation with 1.25 and 10 \u03bcg\/mL of Pin2[G] promotes the expression of MCP-1 and IL-12p70, respectively. Finally, peptides treatment did not resolve murine gastric infection, but improves their physical condition. Cytokine profiles showed that FA1 reduces IFN-\u03b3 and MCP-1 but increases IL-10, while Pin2[G] reduces IFN-\u03b3 but increases the liberation of IL-6 and IL-12p70. This data suggests a promising activity of FA1 and Pin2[G] as immunomodulators of gastric infections in S. Typhimurium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T21:47:21Z","timestamp":1631656041000},"page":"5573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunomodulatory Responses of Two Synthetic Peptides against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3812-5768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Ibarra-Valencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9549-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo P\u00e1vel","family":"Espino-Solis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometr\u00eda de Flujo-UACH, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca Elisa","family":"Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometr\u00eda de Flujo-UACH, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Corzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2014). 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