{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:24:19Z","timestamp":1790742259188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-04-00373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-04-00373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Russian State-funded budget project","award":["AAAA-A17-117020210023-1."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAAA-A17-117020210023-1."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In contrast to many human organs, only the human liver can self-regenerate, to some degree. Some marine echinoderms are convenient objects for studying the processes of regenerations of organs and tissues. For example, sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix can completely restore within several weeks, the internal organs and the whole body after their division into two or three parts. Therefore, these cucumbers are a very convenient model for studying the general mechanisms of regeneration. However, there is no literature data yet on which biomolecules of these cucumbers can stimulate the regeneration of organs and the whole-body processes. Studying the mechanisms of restoration is very important for modern biology and medicine, since it can help researchers to understand which proteins, enzymes, hormones, or possible complexes can play an essential role in regeneration. This work is the first to analyze the possible content of very stable protein complexes in sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix. It has been shown that their organisms contain a very stable multiprotein complex of about 2000 kDa. This complex contains 15 proteins with molecular masses (MMs) &gt;10 kDa and 21 small proteins and peptides with MMs 2.0\u20138.6 kDa. It is effectively destroyed only in the presence of 3.0 M MgCl2 and, to a lesser extent, 3.0 M NaCl, while the best dissociation occurs in the presence of 8.0 M urea + 0.1 M EDTA. Our data indicate that forming a very stable proteins complex occurs due to the combination of bridges formed by metal ions, electrostatic contacts, and hydrogen bonds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:34:01Z","timestamp":1632263641000},"page":"5703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Very Stable Two Mega Dalton High-Molecular-Mass Multiprotein Complex from Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1270-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M.","family":"Timofeeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina A.","family":"Kostrikina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4416-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel S.","family":"Dmitrenok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Brunch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana E.","family":"Soboleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4988-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgy A.","family":"Nevinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hyman, L.H. (1955). The invertebrates: Echinodermata. The Coelome Bilateria, McGraw-Hill Book Co."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Dolmatov, I.Y., and Mashanov, V.S. (2007). Regeneration in Holothurians, Dalnauka."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"319","article-title":"Regeneration of the digestive system in holothurians","volume":"70","author":"Dolmatov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhurnal Obshch. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"40","article-title":"Regeneration of the aquapharyngeal complex in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota)","volume":"Volume 23","author":"Taban","year":"1992","journal-title":"Keys for Regeneration"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Levin, V.S. (2000). Dalnevostochnyi Trepang. Biologiya, Dobycha, Vosproizvodstvo (The Far East. Trepang. Biology, Catching, Reproduction), STMicroelectronics."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80922-8","article-title":"The cell as a collection of protein machines: Preparing the next generation of molecular biologists","volume":"92","author":"Alberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4811-1-11","article-title":"Blue-native PAGE in plants: A tool in analysis of protein-protein interactions","volume":"1","author":"Eubel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant. Methods"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, F., Wang, L., and Liang, G. (2013). Identification and analysis of multi-protein complexes in placenta. PLoS ONE, 138.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062988"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.2409","article-title":"Very stable high molecular mass multiprotein complex with DNase and amylase activities in human milk","volume":"28","author":"Soboleva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burkova, E.E., Dmitrenok, P.S., Sedykh, S.E., Buneva, V.N., Soboleva, S.E., and Nevinsky, G.A. (2014). Extremely stable soluble high molecular mass multi-protein complex with DNase activity in human placental tissue. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111234"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1009.1000351","article-title":"Identification of major proteins of a very stable high molecular mass multi-protein complex of human placental tissue possessing nine different catalytic activities","volume":"7","author":"Burkova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.2753","article-title":"Extremely stable high molecular mass soluble multiprotein complex from eggs of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius with phosphatase activity","volume":"31","author":"Soboleva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201100049","article-title":"Proteomics for routine identification of microorganisms","volume":"11","author":"Welker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pislyagin, E.A., Manzhulo, I.V., Gorpenchenko, T.Y., Dmitrenok, P.S., Avilov, S.A., Silchenko, A.S., Wang, Y.M., and Aminin, D.L. (2017). Cucumarioside A2-2 causes macrophage activation in mouse spleen. Mar. Drugs, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/md15110341"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2016.03.009","article-title":"Cucumarioside A2-2 causes changes in the morphology and proliferative activity in mouse spleen","volume":"118","author":"Pislyagin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/18\/5703\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:02:40Z","timestamp":1760166160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/18\/5703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26185703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26185703","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]}}}