{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T12:49:20Z","timestamp":1769690960845,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109-2622-E-214-001-CC2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109-2622-E-214-001-CC2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin disorder requiring treatment and management by dermatologists. Antibiotics such as clindamycin are commonly used to treat acne vulgaris. However, from both medical and public health perspectives, the development of alternative remedies has become essential due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. Topical therapy is useful as a single or combined treatment for mild and moderate acne and is often employed as maintenance therapy. Thus, the current study investigated the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and restorative effects of sesquiterpene farnesol on acne vulgaris induced by Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in vitro and in a rat model. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of farnesol against C. acnes was 0.14 mM, and the IC50 of 24 h exposure to farnesol in HaCaT keratinocytes was approximately 1.4 mM. Moreover, 0.8 mM farnesol exhibited the strongest effects in terms of the alleviation of inflammatory responses and abscesses and necrotic tissue repair in C.acnes-induced acne lesions; 0.4 mM farnesol and clindamycin gel also exerted similar actions after a two-time treatment. By contrast, nearly doubling the tissue repair scores, 0.4 mM farnesol displayed great anti-inflammatory and the strongest reparative actions after a four-time treatment, followed by 0.8 mM farnesol and a commercial gel. Approximately 2\u201310-fold decreases in interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, found by Western blot analysis, were predominantly consistent with the histopathological findings and tissue repair scores. The basal hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) gel did not exert anti-inflammatory or reparative effects on rat acne lesions. Our results suggest that the topical application of a gel containing farnesol is a promising alternative remedy for acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:34:01Z","timestamp":1632263641000},"page":"5723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Therapeutic Efficacy of Sesquiterpene Farnesol in Treatment of Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Dermal Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Guan-Xuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Shien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of General Education, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Yanpu Township 90741, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsin","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Hsiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60054, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyh-Ming","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.011","article-title":"Treatment of acne with tea tree oil (melaleuca) products: A review of efficacy, tolerability and potential modes of action","volume":"45","author":"Hammer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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