{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:14:15Z","timestamp":1772237655537,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004881","name":"Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS\/IMSS\/PROT\/G17-2\/1746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS\/IMSS\/PROT\/G17-2\/1746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer. The number of cases is increasing and the trend for the next few years is not encouraging. HCC is usually detected in the advanced stages of the disease, and pharmacological therapies are not entirely effective. For this reason, it is necessary to search for new therapeutic options. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the drugs isotretinoin and thalidomide on c-MYC expression and cancer-related proteins in an HCC cellular model. The expression of c-MYC was measured using RT-qPCR and western blot assays. In addition, luciferase activity assays were performed for the c-MYC promoters P1 and P2 using recombinant plasmids. Dose-response-time analyses were performed for isotretinoin or thalidomide in cells transfected with the c-MYC promoters. Finally, a proteome profile analysis of cells exposed to these two drugs was performed and the results were validated by western blot. We demonstrated that in HepG2 cells, isotretinoin and thalidomide reduced c-MYC mRNA expression levels, but this decrease in expression was linked to the regulation of P1 and P1-P2 c-MYC promoter activity in isotretinoin only. Thalidomide did not exert any effect on c-MYC promoters. Also, isotretinoin and thalidomide were capable of inducing and repressing proteins associated with cancer. In conclusion, isotretinoin and thalidomide down-regulate c-MYC mRNA expression and this is partially due to P1 or P2 promoter activity, suggesting that these drugs could be promising options for modulating the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26195742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T22:50:48Z","timestamp":1632351048000},"page":"5742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isotretinoin and Thalidomide Down-Regulate c-MYC Gene Expression and Modify Proteins Associated with Cancer in Hepatic Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Patricia Nefertari","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Noreste, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza 66451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina J.","family":"Barraza-Reyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Noreste, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza 66451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1147-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Aguirre-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Noreste, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda E.","family":"Camacho-Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Noreste, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5001-0093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Enrique","family":"Guerrero-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Resendez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza 66451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vianey","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Villasana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza 66451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas Norberto","family":"Garza-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Vicerrector\u00eda en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda 66238, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Silva-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de 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Garza Garc\u00eda 66238, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"International epidemiology of liver cancer: Geographical distribution, secular trends and predicting the future","volume":"61","author":"Mohammadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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