{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:52:00Z","timestamp":1778910720942,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1A6A1A03015642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A6A1A03015642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005880","name":"National Institute of Biological Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIBR202006202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIBR202006202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several Cissus species have been used and reported to possess medicinal benefits. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Cissus subtetragona have not been described. In this study, we examined the potential anti-inflammatory effects of C. subtetragona ethanol extract (Cs-EE) in vitro and in vivo, and investigated its molecular mechanism as well as its flavonoid content. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages as well as LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and HCl\/EtOH-induced acute gastritis mouse models were utilized. Luciferase assays, immunoblotting analyses, overexpression strategies, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) were performed to identify the molecular mechanisms and targets of Cs-EE. Cs-EE concentration-dependently reduced the secretion of NO and PGE2, inhibited the expression of inflammation-related cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and decreased NF-\u03baB- and AP-1-luciferase activity. Subsequently, we determined that Cs-EE decreased the phosphorylation events of NF-\u03baB and AP-1 pathways. Cs-EE treatment also significantly ameliorated the inflammatory symptoms of HCl\/EtOH-induced acute gastritis and LPS-induced ALI mouse models. Overexpression of HA-Src and HA-TAK1 along with CETSA experiments validated that inhibited inflammatory responses are the outcome of attenuation of Src and TAK1 activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that Cs-EE could be utilized as an anti-inflammatory remedy especially targeting against gastritis and acute lung injury by attenuating the activities of Src and TAK1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26196073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T21:37:29Z","timestamp":1633901849000},"page":"6073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cissus subtetragona Planch. Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses in LPS-induced Macrophages, HCl\/EtOH-induced Gastritis, and LPS-induced Lung Injury via Attenuation of Src and TAK1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7977-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laily","family":"Rahmawati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7696-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4136-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yo Han","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byoung Young","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Deog","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philaxay","family":"Manilack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8563-1773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phetlasy","family":"Souladeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Science, National University of Laos, Vientiane P.O. Box 7322, Laos"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7135-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hwa","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoology, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo Shin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Jeong","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taewoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Amjad","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinwhoa","family":"Yum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8141-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Youl","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.637-646.2003","article-title":"Role of Toll-like receptors in pathogen recognition","volume":"16","author":"Janssens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. 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