{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:06:20Z","timestamp":1792267580201,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN 2017SNRXH3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2017SNRXH3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration\/dehydration of CO2\/HCO3. Thus, they are involved in those physiological and pathological processes in which cellular pH buffering plays a relevant role. The inhibition of CAs has pharmacologic applications for several diseases. In addition to the well-known employment of CA inhibitors (CAIs) as diuretics and antiglaucoma drugs, it has recently been demonstrated that CAIs could be considered as valid therapeutic agents against obesity, cancer, kidney dysfunction, migraine, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder that dramatically affects people of all ages. It is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures that are related to a rapid change in ionic composition, including an increase in intracellular potassium concentration and pH shifts. It has been reported that CAs II, VII and XIV are implicated in epilepsy. In this context, selective CAIs towards the mentioned isoforms (CAs II, VII and XIV) have been proposed and actually exploited as anticonvulsants agents in the treatment of epilepsy. Here, we describe the research achievements published on CAIs, focusing on those clinically used as anticonvulsants. In particular, we examine the new CAIs currently under development that might represent novel therapeutic options for the treatment of epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:07:11Z","timestamp":1635113231000},"page":"6380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2762-1929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Ciccone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9930-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Cerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3547-7277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Nencetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Orlandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center \u201cE. Piaggio\u201d, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, June 30). Definition of Epilepsy 2014. International League Against Epilepsy. Available online: https:\/\/www.ilae.org\/guidelines\/definition-and-classification\/definition-of-epilepsy-2014."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"The Prevalence, Incidence and Etiology of Epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Shakirullah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e10549","article-title":"Current Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies: Scope, Limitations and Recommendations for Future Action","volume":"12","author":"Sarmast","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2021, July 19). Epilepsy. 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