{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T16:13:46Z","timestamp":1768925626632,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8211104160\/K19W03D10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8211104160\/K19W03D10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"US National Science Foundation","award":["1954310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1954310"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecules of the type XYT = Ch (T = C, Si, Ge; Ch = S, Se; X,Y = H, CH3, Cl, Br, I) contain a \u03c3-hole along the T = Ch bond extension. This hole can engage with the N lone pair of NCH and NCCH3 so as to form a chalcogen bond. In the case of T = C, these bonds are rather weak, less than 3 kcal\/mol, and are slightly weakened in acetone or water. They owe their stability to attractive electrostatic energy, supplemented by dispersion, and a much smaller polarization term. Immersion in solvent reverses the electrostatic interaction to repulsive, while amplifying the polarization energy. The \u03c3-holes are smaller for T = Si and Ge, even negative in many cases. These Lewis acids can nonetheless engage in a weak chalcogen bond. This bond owes its stability to dispersion in the gas phase, but it is polarization that dominates in solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:07:11Z","timestamp":1635113231000},"page":"6394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ability of Lewis Acids with Shallow \u03c3-Holes to Engage in Chalcogen Bonds in Different Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Wysoki\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4038-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktor","family":"Zierkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6495-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Michalczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0793-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Scheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comptc.2018.11.011","article-title":"Tetrel bonding on graphene","volume":"1147","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. 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