{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:23:48Z","timestamp":1790126628968,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel human coronavirus prompted considerable worry at the end of the year 2019. Now, it represents a significant global health and economic burden. The newly emerged coronavirus disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the primary reason for the COVID-19 global pandemic. According to recent global figures, COVID-19 has caused approximately 243.3 million illnesses and 4.9 million deaths. Several human cell receptors are involved in the virus identification of the host cells and entering them. Hence, understanding how the virus binds to host-cell receptors is crucial for developing antiviral treatments and vaccines. The current work aimed to determine the multiple host-cell receptors that bind with SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses for the purpose of cell entry. Extensive research is needed using neutralizing antibodies, natural chemicals, and therapeutic peptides to target those host-cell receptors in extremely susceptible individuals. More research is needed to map SARS-CoV-2 cell entry pathways in order to identify potential viral inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T23:54:33Z","timestamp":1635292473000},"page":"6455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["A Review of Human Coronaviruses\u2019 Receptors: The Host-Cell Targets for the Crown Bearing Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-9387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaya","family":"Nassar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma G.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12511, Egypt"},{"name":"Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merna","family":"Magdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Elgharib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman B.","family":"Azzam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Medical Biophysics Division, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-4705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filopateer","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirllos","family":"Yousry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3260-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israa M.","family":"Shamkh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Giza 12511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah M.","family":"Mahdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, Ain Elsira-Elfustat, Cairo 11511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdo A.","family":"Elfiky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Payne, S. 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