{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:18:21Z","timestamp":1767183501737,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Globimetula braunii is a hemi-parasitic plant used in African ethnomedicine for the management of microbial infections, rheumatic pain and tumors amongst others. We report the isolation and characterization of eight compounds with their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The air-dried powdered leaf was macerated in EtOH\/H20 (4:1). The extract was solvent-partitioned into n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and aqueous fractions. The fractions were screened for their antioxidant properties, using DPPH, FRAP, TAC and FIC assays. Antimicrobial analysis was performed using the micro-broth dilution method. The active EtOAc fraction was purified for its putative compounds on a repeated silica gel column chromatography monitored with TLC-bioautography. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods of UV, FT-IR, NMR and MS. Eight compounds (1\u20138) were isolated and characterized as 13,27-cycloursane (1), phyllanthone (2), globraunone (3), three phenolics: methyl 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate (4), methyl 3-methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (5) and guaiacol (6), as well as two phenol derivatives: 4-formaldehyde phenone (7) and 6-methoxy-2H-inden-5-ol (8). The study identified 4 and 6 as natural antioxidant compounds with potential as antimicrobial agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T23:51:36Z","timestamp":1635465096000},"page":"6528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ursane-Type Triterpenes, Phenolics and Phenolic Derivatives from Globimetula braunii Leaf"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4166-0449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayodeji Oluwabunmi","family":"Oriola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adetunji Joseph","family":"Aladesanmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Oyebode","family":"Idowu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence O.","family":"Akinwumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efere Martins","family":"Obuotor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Temilolu","family":"Idowu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Parkers Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-7766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adebola Omowunmi","family":"Oyedeji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"592","article-title":"An Assessment on the Uses of Loranthaceae in Ethno Pharmacology in Cameroon: A Case Study Made in Logbessou, North of Douala","volume":"3","author":"Din","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2020.11.1.0066","article-title":"Two Antihyperglycaemic Compounds from Globimetula braunii (Engl.) Van Tiegh (Loranthaceae)","volume":"2020","author":"Ayoola","year":"2020","journal-title":"GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Burkill, H.M. (2021, August 08). The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Available online: https:\/\/agris.fao.org\/agris-search\/search.do?recordID=GB9618106."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"161","article-title":"African Mistletoes (Loranthaceae); Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry and Medicinal Values: An Update","volume":"10","author":"Adesina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. AJTCAM"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3923\/rjmp.2009.45.51","article-title":"Lipid Lowering Activity of Globimetula braunii","volume":"3","author":"Okpuzor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res. J. Med. Plant"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"182","article-title":"Hepatic and Hematologic Effects of Fractions of Globimetula braunii in Normal Albino Rats","volume":"8","author":"Okpuzor","year":"2009","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"129","article-title":"Anticancer Activity of Three African Mistletoes","volume":"22","author":"Oriola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Niger. J. Nat. Prod. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.9734\/ejmp\/2020\/v31i330219","article-title":"Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Hemi-Parasitic West African Plants","volume":"31","author":"Oriola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Plants"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"117","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Globimetula braunii Sourced from Five Different Host Trees in Screening Cowpea Magic Rils for Variation in Agro-Physiological Traits for Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses View Project Antibacterial Activity of Globimetula braunii Sourced from Five Different Host Trees in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria","volume":"18","author":"Alonge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2009.470.475","article-title":"Antioxidative Properties of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Globimetula braunii in Normal Albino Rats","volume":"9","author":"Okpuzor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2010.05.007","article-title":"Antilipemic and Hypocholesteremic Activities of Globimetula braunii in Rats","volume":"63","author":"Erukainure","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"356","article-title":"Oxytocic Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Globimetula braunii (Loranthaceae)","volume":"21","author":"Ie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1455","article-title":"Lactones and Flavonoids Isolated from the Leaves of Globimetula braunii","volume":"12","author":"Muhammad","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPC Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1586693","article-title":"Globrauneine A\u2013F: Six New Triterpenoid Esters from the Leaves of Globimetula braunii","volume":"34","author":"Muhammad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2019.104178","article-title":"13,27-Cycloursane, Ursane and Oleanane Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Lucuma nervosa","volume":"136","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2007.12.002","article-title":"Triterpenoids from the African Tree Phyllanthus polyanthus","volume":"1","author":"Ndlebe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1002\/jccs.200500184","article-title":"Triterpene Acids from the Leaves of Planchonella duclitan (Blanco) Bakhuizan","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chin. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S., and Vyvyan, J.R. (2013). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Part Five: Advanced NMR Techniques. Introduction to Spectroscopy, Thomson Learning Inc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2017-0047","article-title":"Spermicidal Constituents of Ethanolic Extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis Stem Bark","volume":"59","author":"Alade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Folia Med."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"MedChemExpress (2021, September 25). Methylparaben\u2014Advanced Dermatology. Available online: https:\/\/www.advanced-dermatology.com.au\/methylparaben."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"MedChemExpress (2021, October 06). Methyl Paraben (Methyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate)|Bacterial Inhibitor|MedChemExpress. Available online: https:\/\/www.medchemexpress.com\/Methyl_Paraben.html."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-2457-2014","article-title":"Chemical Characterization of the Main Products Formed through Aqueous-Phase Photonitration of Guaiacol","volume":"7","author":"Kitanovski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A323","DOI":"10.1021\/ed056pA323.2","article-title":"Introduction to Spectroscopy (Pavia, Donald; Lampman, Gary, M.; Kriz, George, S., Jr.)","volume":"56","author":"Guthrie","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2014.06.002","article-title":"Bioautography and Its Scope in the Field of Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"5","author":"Dewanjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Santos-S\u00e1nchez, N.F., Salas-Coronado, R., Villanueva-Ca\u00f1ongo, C., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Carlos, B. (2019). Antioxidant Compounds and Their Antioxidant Mechanism, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.11.064","article-title":"Mode of Action and Determination of Antioxidant Activity in the Dietary Sources: An Overview","volume":"28","author":"Siddeeg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baccouri, B., and Rajhi, I. (2021). Potential Antioxidant Activity of Terpenes. Terpenes and Terpenoids Recent Advances, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.96638"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59451-z","article-title":"Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationship of Methoxy, Phenolic Hydroxyl, and Carboxylic Acid Groups of Phenolic Acids","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S253811","article-title":"Comparison of Microdilution Method with Agar Dilution Method for Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1086\/647952","article-title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: A Review of General Principles and Contemporary Practices","volume":"49","author":"Reller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesus, J.A., Lago, J.H.G., Laurenti, M.D., Yamamoto, E.S., and Passero, L.F.D. (2015). Antimicrobial Activity of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids: An Update. Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/620472"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-009-9501-0","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Phenolic Compounds Against the Phytopathogen Xyllela fastidiosa","volume":"60","author":"Maddox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b00312","article-title":"Bulbiferates A and B: Antibacterial Acetamidohydroxybenzoates from a Marine Proteobacterium, Microbulbifer sp","volume":"82","author":"Jayanetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orlo, E., Russo, C., Nugnes, R., Lavorgna, M., and Isidori, M. (2021). Natural Methoxyphenol Compounds: Antimicrobial Activity Against Foodborne Pathogens and Food Spoilage Bacteria, and Roles in Antioxidant Processes. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10081807"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12297","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171012297","article-title":"TLC Screening for Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Fifteen Bamboo Species and Identification of Antioxidant Flavone Glycosides from Leaves of Bambusa textilis Mcclure","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.10","article-title":"Guidelines for Antioxidant Assays for Food Components","volume":"1","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Front."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)99005-5","article-title":"[2] Ferric Reducing\/Antioxidant Power Assay: Direct Measure of Total Antioxidant Activity of Biological Fluids and Modified Version for Simultaneous Measurement of Total Antioxidant Power and Ascorbic Acid Concentration","volume":"299","author":"Benzie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019","article-title":"Spectrophotometric Quantitation of Antioxidant Capacity through the Formation of a Phosphomolybdenum Complex: Specific Application to the Determination of Vitamin E","volume":"269","author":"Prieto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2003.07.003","article-title":"Free Radical Scavenging Activity of an Aqueous Extract of Potato","volume":"85","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, CLSI (2015). M07-A10 Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Approved Standard-Tenth Edition."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, CLSI (2021, September 22). Antimicrobial and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Resources. Available online: https:\/\/clsi.org\/about\/about-clsi\/about-clsi-antimicrobial-and-antifungal-susceptibility-testing-resources\/#."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/21\/6528\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:22:14Z","timestamp":1760167334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/21\/6528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26216528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26216528","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]}}}