{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T19:31:15Z","timestamp":1774467075195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee","award":["KJ2019A0326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2019A0326"]}]},{"name":"the Science Research Project of Bengbu Medical College","award":["By51202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["By51202202"]}]},{"name":"the Science Research Project of Bengbu Medical College","award":["BYKF1718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYKF1718"]}]},{"name":"the Science Research Project of Bengbu Medical College","award":["Byycx1911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Byycx1911"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Plan of Undergraduate  Support Project","award":["S201910367027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S201910367027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ginkgo biloba L. has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, the anti-cancer properties of ginkgolic acids (GAS) isolated from G. biloba have not been investigated in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In this study, GAS exhibited an inhibitory effect on the ATPase activity of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and anti-proliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 14.91 to 23.81 \u03bcg\u00b7mL\u22121. In vivo experiments confirmed that GAS inhibited tumor growth in CNE-2Z cell-xenografted nude mice with low hepatotoxicity. We further demonstrated that GAS suppressed migration and invasion and induced the apoptosis of CNE-2Z cells by inducing the degradation of Hsp90 client proteins (MMP-2, MMP-9, Her-2, c-Raf, Akt, and Bcl-2). Together, GAS are new Hsp90 inhibitors by binding to Hsp90 (hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction). Thus, GAS from G. biloba might represent promising Hsp90 inhibitors for the development of anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:22:24Z","timestamp":1635805344000},"page":"6575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anti-Cancer Properties of Ginkgolic Acids in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CNE-2Z Cells via Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hong-Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengjiang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meilin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Zhu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-015-0060-4","article-title":"Estimation of cancer burden in Guangdong Province, China in 2009","volume":"34","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. 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