{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T19:27:58Z","timestamp":1783452478242,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"World Class Research","award":["4511\/UN1\/DITLIT\/DIT-LIT\/PT\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4511\/UN1\/DITLIT\/DIT-LIT\/PT\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explores the modification of lignin with surfactants, which can be used as a template to make mesoporous structures, and can also be used in combination with manganese oxide to produce manganese oxide\/lignin-derived carbon. Organosolv extraction, using ethanol (70%) at 150 \u00b0C, was carried out to extract lignin from oil palm wood. Lignin was then mixed with Pluronic F-127, with and without Mn(NO3)2, and then crosslinked with acidic formaldehyde, resulting in a carbon precursor-based modified lignin. Carbonization was carried out at 900 \u00b0C to produce lignin-derived carbon and manganese oxide\/lignin-derived carbon. The characterization materials included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2-sorption analysis. FTIR curves displayed the vibration bands of lignin and manganese oxide. SEM images exhibited the different morphological characteristics of carbon from LS120% (lignin with a Pluronic surfactant of 120%) and LS120%Mn20% (lignin with a Pluronic of 120% and Mn oxide of 20%). Carbon LS120% (C-LS120%) showed the highest specific surface area of 1425 m2\/g with a mean pore size of 3.14 nm. The largest mean pore size of 5.23 nm with a specific surface area of 922 m2\/g was exhibited by carbon LS120%-Mn20% (C-LS120%-Mn20%). C-LS120%Mn20% features two phases of Mn oxide crystals. The highest specific capacitance of 345 F\/g was exhibited by C-LS120%-Mn20%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1638309671000},"page":"7104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mesoporous Manganese Oxide\/Lignin-Derived Carbon for High Performance of Supercapacitor Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hersandy Dayu","family":"Kusuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Carbon Material Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Rochmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Carbon Material Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imam","family":"Prasetyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Carbon Material Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9454-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teguh","family":"Ariyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Carbon Material Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.07.037","article-title":"Fractionation of corn stover into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin using a series of ionic liquids","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. 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