{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T19:37:51Z","timestamp":1772134671149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medicines for Malaria Venture Malaria Box","award":["not available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not available"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Babesiosis is an infectious disease with an empty drug pipeline. A search inside chemical libraries for novel potent antibabesial candidates may help fill such an empty drug pipeline. A total of 400 compounds (200 drug-like and 200 probe-like) from the Malaria Box were evaluated in the current study against the in vitro growth of Babesia divergens (B. divergens), a parasite of veterinary and zoonotic importance. Novel and more effective anti-B. divergens drugs than the traditionally used ones were identified. Seven compounds (four drug-like and three probe-like) revealed a highly inhibitory effect against the in vitro growth of B. divergens, with IC50s \u2264 10 nanomolar. Among these hits, MMV006913 exhibited an IC50 value of 1 nM IC50 and the highest selectivity index of 32,000. The atom pair fingerprint (APfp) analysis revealed that MMV006913 and MMV019124 showed maximum structural similarity (MSS) with atovaquone and diminazene aceturate (DA), and with DA and imidocarb dipropionate (ID), respectively. MMV665807 and MMV665850 showed MMS with each other and with ID. Of note, a high concentration (0.75 IC50) of MMV006913 caused additive inhibition of B. divergens growth when combined with DA at 0.75 or 0.50 IC50. The Medicines for Malaria Venture box is a treasure trove of anti-B. divergens candidates according to the obtained results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1638309671000},"page":"7118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Compounds from the Medicines for Malaria Venture Box Inhibit In Vitro Growth of Babesia divergens, a Blood-Borne Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5250-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Abdo","family":"Rizk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-5731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shimaa Abd El-Salam","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud S.","family":"Alkhoudary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalaf F.","family":"Alsharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4341-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Abdel-Daim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.11.002","article-title":"Unravelling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: Is the sky the limit?","volume":"49","author":"Suarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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