{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T01:13:53Z","timestamp":1784855633247,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, M\u00e9xico.","award":["053\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["053\/2011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medulloblastoma is a common malignant brain tumor in the pediatric age. The current therapeutics present serious collateral effects. Polyphenols \u03b1-mangostin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) exert potent antitumoral activity in different cancer models, although their antitumoral effects have not been described in medulloblastoma cells yet. This study aimed to examine the proapoptotic effects of these polyphenols on human medulloblastoma cells. Medulloblastoma cell line Daoy was incubated with increasing concentrations of \u03b1-mangostin or NDGA for 24 h. The cell viability was analyzed using crystal violet and trypan blue dyes. Determination of the glutathione (GSH)\/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio and levels of carbonylated proteins was performed to evaluate the oxidative stress. Cell cycle progression and induction of cell death by fluorochrome-couple and TUNEL assays were evaluated using flow cytometry assays. Individual treatments with \u03b1-mangostin or NDGA decreased the viability of Daoy cells in a dose-dependent manner, inducing G2\/M and S-G2\/M cell cycle arrest, respectively. Both polyphenols induced cell death and increased oxidative stress. Very interestingly, \u03b1-mangostin showed more potent effects than NDGA. Our results indicate that \u03b1-mangostin and NDGA exert important cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in the Daoy cell line. These data highlight the potential usefulness of these compounds as an alternative strategy in medulloblastoma treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1638309671000},"page":"7230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Polyphenols \u03b1-Mangostin and Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Induce Oxidative Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in a Cellular Model of Medulloblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Rojas-Ochoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncolog\u00eda Experimental, Subdirecci\u00f3n de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04530, Mexico 2 Consorcio de Oncogen\u00f3mica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14610, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7556-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio J.","family":"C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorcio de Oncogen\u00f3mica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14610, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Carrillo-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n B\u00e1sica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Lizano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n B\u00e1sica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica y Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6628-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pedraza-Chaverri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Pati\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Citometr\u00eda de Flujo (UCiF), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14610, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0077-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Cruz-Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Osnaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirecci\u00f3n de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-1-3-232","article-title":"Medulloblastoma: Clinical and biologic aspects","volume":"1","author":"Packer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2007.10.010","article-title":"Central nervous system tumors","volume":"55","author":"Packer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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