{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T10:02:11Z","timestamp":1773828131005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bulgarian Fund for Scientific Investigations","award":["\u2116 KP-06-N39\/1 from 09.12.2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u2116 KP-06-N39\/1 from 09.12.2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New antenna ligand, 2-(phenylethynyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (PEP), and its luminescent Eu (III) complexes, Eu(PEP)2Cl3 and Eu(PEP)2(NO3)3, are synthesized and characterized. The synthetic procedure applied is based on reacting of europium salts with ligand in hot acetonitrile solutions in molar ratio 1 to 2. The structure of the complexes is refined by X-ray diffraction based on the single crystals obtained. The compounds [Eu(PEP)2Cl3]\u00b72CH3CN and [Eu(PEP)2(NO3)3]\u22192CH3CN crystalize in monoclinic space group P21\/n and P21\/c, respectively, with two acetonitrile solvent molecules. Intra- and inter-ligand \u03c0-\u03c0 stacking interactions are present in solid stat and are realized between the phenanthroline moieties, as well as between the substituents and the phenanthroline units. The optical properties of the complexes are investigated in solid state, acetonitrile and dichloromethane solution. Both compounds exhibit bright red luminescence caused by the organic ligand acting as antenna for sensitization of Eu (III) emission. The newly designed complexes differ in counter ions in the inner coordination sphere, which allows exploring their influence on the stability, molecular and supramolecular structure, fluorescent properties and symmetry of the Eu (III) ion. In addition, molecular simulations are performed in order to explain the observed experimental behavior of the complexes. The discovered structure-properties relationships give insight on the role of the counter ions in the molecular design of new Eu (III) based luminescent materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1638309671000},"page":"7272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Luminescent Complexes of Europium (III) with 2-(Phenylethynyl)-1,10-phenanthroline: The Role of the Counterions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8260-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denitsa","family":"Elenkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rumen","family":"Lyapchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Romanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Morgenstern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deyan","family":"Dimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2917-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Tsvetkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Zaharieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23976","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b06103","article-title":"Multifunctional Ln-MOF Luminescent Probe for Efficient Sensing of Fe3+, Ce3+, and Acetone","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.10.180","article-title":"Luminescent mixed-crystal Ln-MOF thin film for the recognition and detection of pharmaceuticals","volume":"257","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.9b03364","article-title":"Two Highly Water-Stable Imidazole-Based Ln-MOFs for Sensing Fe3+,Cr2O72-\/CrO42- in a Water Environment","volume":"59","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1246\/cl.2009.104","article-title":"Lanthanide luminescent bioprobes (LLBs)","volume":"38","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10184","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c03496","article-title":"Pyclen-Based Ln(III) Complexes as Highly Luminescent Bioprobes for In Vitro and In Vivo One- and Two-Photon Bioimaging Applications","volume":"142","author":"Hamon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2017.12.034","article-title":"Synthesis, structure and OLED application of a new europium(III) complex: {tris-(thenoyltrifluoroacetonate)[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4-f][1,10]phenanthroline}europium(III)","volume":"473","author":"Gallardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.hpcre.2021.05.001","article-title":"Chapter 318-Lanthanide complexes as OLED emitters","volume":"Volume 59","author":"Pecharsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handbook on the Physics ans Chemistry of Rare Earths"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20964","article-title":"Time-resolved microscopy for imaging lanthanide luminescence in living cells","volume":"77A","author":"Gahlaut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytom. Part. A"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00562","article-title":"Auto-Phase-Locked Time-Resolved Luminescence Detection: Principles, Applications, and Prospects","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1039\/b406082m","article-title":"Piguet Taking advantage of luminescent lanthanide ions","volume":"34","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2007.10.005","article-title":"Theoretical, spectral characterization and antineoplastic activity of new lanthanide complexes","volume":"22","author":"Kostova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poly.2021.115387","article-title":"Lanthanide complexes as anticancer agents: A review","volume":"207","author":"Chundawat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2020.117622","article-title":"Lanthanide complexes for drug delivery and therapeutics","volume":"228","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12189","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00828D","article-title":"Lanthanide\u2013tetrapyrrole complexes: Synthesis, redox chemistry, photophysical properties, and photonic applications","volume":"50","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"19","article-title":"On the design of highly luminescent lanthanide complexes","volume":"293","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1723709","article-title":"Intramolecular Energy Transfer The Fluorescence of Complexes of Europium","volume":"10","author":"Weissman","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13324","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0379363","article-title":"Stable Lanthanide Luminescence Agents Highly Emissive in Aqueous Solution: Multidentate 2-Hydroxyisophthalamide Complexes of Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+","volume":"125","author":"Petoud","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5137","DOI":"10.1021\/ic200450x","article-title":"Deciphering three beneficial effects of 2,2\u2032-bipyridine-N,N\u2032-dioxide on the luminescence sensitization of lanthanide(III) hexafluoroacetylacetonate ternary complexes","volume":"50","author":"Eliseeva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9166","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.5b01580","article-title":"Influence of Symmetry on the Luminescence and Radiative Lifetime of Nine-Coordinate Europium Complexes","volume":"54","author":"Shavaleev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.5560\/znb.2014-3261","article-title":"Functionalization of Sol-Gel Zirconia Composites with Europium Complexes","volume":"69","author":"Danchova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. B"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Lenaerts, P. (2005). Covalent coupling of luminescent lanthanide complexes on hybrid materials and solid polymer supports. Kathol. Univ. Leuven, Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/28359751_Covalent_coupling_of_luminescent_lanthanide_complexes_on_hybrid_materials_and_solid_polymer_supports."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1021\/ic8020782","article-title":"Visible and Near-Infrared Emission by Samarium ( III ) -Containing Ionic Liquid Mixtures","volume":"48","author":"Lunstroot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1021\/cr010287y","article-title":"Lanthanide-containing liquid crystals and surfactants","volume":"102","author":"Binnemans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5740","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00879A","article-title":"Photonic functional metal-organic frameworks","volume":"47","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2016.10.023","article-title":"Electronic properties and metal-ligand bonding situation in Eu (III) complexes containing tris(pyrazolyl)borate and phenantroline ligands","volume":"182","author":"Parreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4283","DOI":"10.1021\/cr8003983","article-title":"Lanthanide-based luminescent hybrid materials","volume":"109","author":"Binnemans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1021\/ic971164s","article-title":"Structures of the Copper(I) and Copper(II) Complexes of 2,9-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline: Implications for Excited-State Structural Distortion","volume":"37","author":"Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8851","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201501091","article-title":"Chains, Necklaces and Weaving Chain-link Grids from Self-Assembly Reactions","volume":"21","author":"Simond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2019.119309","article-title":"Luminescence properties of lanthanide complexes-based molecular alloys","volume":"501","author":"Maouche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akerboom, S., Van Den Elshout, J.J.M.H., Mutikainen, I., Siegler, M.A., Fu, W.T., and Bouwman, E. (2013). Substituted phenanthrolines as antennae in luminescent EuIII complexes. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 6137\u20136146.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201301000"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2018.05.045","article-title":"Theoretical insight in highly luminescent properties of Eu (III) complex with phenanthroline","volume":"202","author":"Georgieva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2020.108890","article-title":"Phenanthroline chromophore as efficient antenna for Tb3+ green luminescence: A theoretical study","volume":"185","author":"Zahariev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1039\/b904694c","article-title":"The key role of accurate lattice parameters in revealing subtle structural differences-A case study in the system [Ln(phen\/phen-d8) 2(NO3)3]","volume":"11","author":"Werner","year":"2009","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1039\/b806408n","article-title":"1,10-Phenanthrolines: Versatile building blocks for luminescent molecules, materials and metal complexes","volume":"38","author":"Accorsi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1039\/C9DT00640K","article-title":"Lanthanide complexes with phenanthroline-based ligands: Insights into cell death mechanisms obtained by microscopy techniques","volume":"48","author":"Palma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dalt. Trans."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12878","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202002714","article-title":"Sensing of Phosphate and ATP by Lanthanide Complexes in Aqueous Medium and Its Application on Living Cells","volume":"5","author":"Sahoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1080\/07366299.2020.1744806","article-title":"Lanthanide Intra-series Separation by a 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivative: Counterion Effect","volume":"38","author":"Simonnet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Solvent Extr. Ion. Exch."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13409","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.1c01729","article-title":"Study on Phenanthroline Carboxamide for Lanthanide Separation: Influence of Amide Substituents","volume":"60","author":"Simonnet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9745","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.1c01035","article-title":"Strong Periodic Tendency of Trivalent Lanthanides Coordinated with a Phenanthroline-Based Ligand: Cascade Countercurrent Extraction, Spectroscopy, and Crystallography","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201806443","article-title":"Efficient Separation of Light Lanthanides(III) by Using Bis-Lactam Phenanthroline Ligands","volume":"25","author":"Healy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011352128346","article-title":"Crystal Structure and Luminescence of the [Eu(Phen)2(NO3)3] Complex. The Role of the Ion-Coactivator","volume":"27","author":"Mirochnik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Russ. J. Coord. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3749(200107)627:7<1643::AID-ZAAC1643>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Ln(phen)2(NO3)3 with Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline","volume":"627","author":"Zheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1902(64)80291-8","article-title":"Complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline with lanthanide chlorides and thiocyanates","volume":"26","author":"Hart","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.01.033","article-title":"Electronic structure and optical properties of Ln(III) nitrate adducts with 1,10-phenanthroline","volume":"213","author":"Shurygin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1134\/S106377450601010X","article-title":"Synthesis and structure of two crystalline modifications of bis(1,10-Phenanthroline)trinitratoeuropium(III) Eu(NO3) 3(Phen)2","volume":"51","author":"Sadikov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crystallogr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2010.01.012","article-title":"Structural regularities and luminescence properties of dimeric europium and terbium carboxylates with 1,10-phenanthroline (CN=9)","volume":"211","author":"Tsaryuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, Z., Jia, G., Duan, C.K., Wong, W.Y., Wong, W.T., and Tanner, P.A. (2011). Crystal structure, spectroscopy and crystal field analysis of substituted 1,10-phenanthroline-europium complexes. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 637\u2013646.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201000908"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2015.02.015","article-title":"Interpretation of europium(III) spectra","volume":"295","author":"Binnemans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1080\/00304940709458644","article-title":"Improved Synthesis of 2,9-Dichloro-1,10- phenanthroline","volume":"39","author":"Krapcho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Org. Prep. Proced. Int."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1021\/om00060a009","article-title":"Selective Stabilization of the Anti Isomer of (\u03b73-Allyl)palladium and -platinum Complexes","volume":"11","author":"Sjogren","year":"1992","journal-title":"Organometallics"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108767307043930","article-title":"A short history of SHELX","volume":"64","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. A"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053229614024218","article-title":"Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL","volume":"71","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889811043202","article-title":"ShelXle: A Qt graphical user interface for SHELXL","volume":"44","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vibspec.2009.04.006","article-title":"Vibrational spectra of mixed (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) yttrium(III) double-decker complexes: Density functional theory calculations","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vib. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6245","DOI":"10.1039\/D1DT00088H","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of heteroleptic rare earth double-decker complexes involving tetradiazepinoporphyrazine and phthalocyanine macrocycles","volume":"50","author":"Tarakanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dalt. Trans."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13277","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cp20056a","article-title":"Conformational effects, molecular orbitals, and reaction activities of bis(phthalocyaninato) lanthanum double-deckers: Density functional theory calculations","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6615","DOI":"10.1039\/b810189b","article-title":"Long-range corrected hybrid density functionals with damped atom-atom dispersion corrections","volume":"10","author":"Chai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7022","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c00158","article-title":"Determination of Triplet State Energy and the Absorption Spectrum for a Lanthanide Complex","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00528565","article-title":"Energy-adjusted pseudopotentials for the rare earth elements","volume":"75","author":"Dolg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Theor. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.52.997","article-title":"Density-Functional Theory for Time-Dependent Systems","volume":"52","author":"Runge","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0104(81)85090-2","article-title":"Electrostatic interaction of a solute with a continuum. A direct utilizaion of AB initio molecular potentials for the prevision of solvent effects","volume":"55","author":"Scrocco","year":"1981","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Frisch, M.J., Trucks, G.W., Schlegel, H.B., Scuseria, G.E., Robb, M.A., Cheeseman, J.R., Scalmani, G., Barone, V., Mennucci, B., and Petersson, G.A. (2009). Gaussian 09W, A.02, Gaussian, Inc."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/23\/7272\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:38:12Z","timestamp":1760168292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/23\/7272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26237272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26237272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]}}}