{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T06:11:33Z","timestamp":1785046293327,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2021\/118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to analyze the phytoconstituents of Neptunia triquetra (Vahl) Benth. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of ethanol (EE), chloroform (CE) and dichloromethane (DCME) of stem extracts were evaluated using in vivo experimental models. The extracts were analyzed for phytoconstituents using GC-HRMS. Anti-inflammatory activity of CE, EE and DCME was accessed using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and the carrageenan-induced air-pouch model in Wistar albino rats. The hepatotoxicity-induced animal models were investigated for the biochemical markers in serum (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total lipids and total protein) and liver (total protein, total lipids, GSH and wet liver weight). In the in vivo study, animals were divided into different groups (six in each group) for accessing the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity, respectively. GC-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of 102 compounds, among which 24 were active secondary metabolites. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of stem extracts was found in the order: indomethacin &gt; chloroform extract (CE) &gt; dichloromethane extract (DCME) &gt; ethanolic extract (EE), and hepatoprotective activity of stem extracts in the order: CE &gt; silymarin &gt; EE &gt; DCME. The results indicate that N. triquetra stem has a higher hepatoprotective effect than silymarin, however the anti-inflammatory response was in accordance with or lower than indomethacin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"7353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Secondary Metabolite Profiling, Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Activity of Neptunia triquetra (Vahl) Benth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0762-9878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasir Aziz","family":"Wagay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Research Laboratory, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalya College, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India"},{"name":"Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Baramulla 193101, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3970-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shah","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Aslam","family":"Rather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Doda 182202, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1608-7177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younas Rasheed","family":"Tantray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7491-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7456-4090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabir Hussain","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Anantnag 192101, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"El-Sabrout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hosam O.","family":"Elansary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7796-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman A.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Herbaceous flora of leguminosae family with special reference to medicinal herbs of Jabalpur District (M.P.)","volume":"3","author":"Verma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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