{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:01:24Z","timestamp":1789502484095,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Corporaci\u00f3n Ecuatoriana para el Desarrollo de la Investigaci\u00f3n y Academia - CEDIA","award":["CEPRA XV-2021-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEPRA XV-2021-015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Croton lechleri, commonly known as Dragon\u2019s blood, is a tree cultivated in the northwest Amazon rainforest of Ecuador and Peru. This tree produces a deep red latex which is composed of different natural products such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and others. The chemical structures of these natural products found in C. lechleri latex are promising corrosion inhibitors of admiralty brass (AB), due to the number of heteroatoms and \u03c0 structures. In this work, three different extracts of C. lechleri latex were obtained, characterized phytochemically, and employed as novel green corrosion inhibitors of AB. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE%) was determined in an aqueous 0.5 M HCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel plots) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, measuring current density and charge transfer resistance, respectively. In addition, surface characterization of AB was performed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Chloroform alkaloid-rich extracts resulted in IE% of 57% at 50 ppm, attributed to the formation of a layer of organic compounds on the AB surface that hindered the dezincification process. The formulation of corrosion inhibitors from C. lechleri latex allows for the valorization of non-edible natural sources and the diversification of the offer of green corrosion inhibitors for the chemical treatment of heat exchangers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T11:00:23Z","timestamp":1638874823000},"page":"7417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Croton lechleri Extracts as Green Corrosion Inhibitors of Admiralty Brass in Hydrochloric Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1418-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cevallos-Morillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Francisco Viteri s\/n y Gato Sobral, Quito 170129, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Cisneros-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Regional Amaz\u00f3nica Ikiam, Tena 150102, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Llive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Regional Amaz\u00f3nica Ikiam, Tena 150102, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marvin","family":"Ricaurte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San Jos\u00e9 s\/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqu\u00ed 100119, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Reinoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San Jos\u00e9 s\/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqu\u00ed 100119, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6553-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria del Cisne","family":"Guam\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9270-9599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Palma-Cando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San Jos\u00e9 s\/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqu\u00ed 100119, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revie, R.W., and Uhlig, H.H. (2008). Corrosion and Corrosion Control, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470277270"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Callister, W.D., and Rethwisch, D.G. (2014). Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. [9th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, R.K., and Sekuli, D.P. (2003). Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470172605"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-4311(01)00042-4","article-title":"Materials for thermal conduction","volume":"21","author":"Chung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2021, November 17). Brass Alloy UNS C44300. Available online: https:\/\/www.azom.com\/article.aspx?ArticleID=6371."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2008.10.002","article-title":"Inhibition of copper corrosion in acidic chloride pickling solutions by 5-(3-aminophenyl)-tetrazole as a corrosion inhibitor","volume":"50","author":"Sherif","year":"2008","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meroufel, A.A. (2020). Corrosion Control during Acid Cleaning of Heat Exchangers. Corrosion and Fouling Control in Desalination Industry, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34284-5_10"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"276","article-title":"A novel protocol for reviving of oil and natural gas wells","volume":"4","author":"Katari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pet. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-021-01728-2","article-title":"Development of polyacid corrosion inhibitor with 2-vinylpyridine residue","volume":"75","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.56431\/p-e6kqj6","article-title":"Inhibition of Brass Corrosion in Acid Medium Using Thiazoles","volume":"14","author":"Taha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Lett. Chem. Phys. Astron."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.127556","article-title":"Carbon steel corrosion inhibition in H2SO4 0.5 M medium by thiazole-based molecules: Weight loss, electrochemical, XPS and molecular modeling approaches","volume":"630","author":"Benali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173462","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/173462","article-title":"Electrochemical Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Copper in Hydrochloric Acid Medium and the Rotating Ring-Disc Voltammetry for Studying the Dissolution","volume":"2011","author":"Satpati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2020.04.005","article-title":"Self-assembling anchored film basing on two tetrazole derivatives for application to protect copper in sulfuric acid environment","volume":"52","author":"Qiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126863","article-title":"Fabrication of environmentally friendly Losartan potassium film for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl medium","volume":"406","author":"Qiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messina, E., Giuliani, C., Pascucci, M., Riccucci, C., Staccioli, M.P., Albini, M., and Di Carlo, G. (2021). Synergistic Inhibition Effect of Chitosan and L-Cysteine for the Protection of Copper-Based Alloys against Atmospheric Chloride-Induced Indoor Corrosion. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910321"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4686(02)00436-X","article-title":"Evaluation of non-toxic corrosion inhibitors for copper in sulphuric acid","volume":"47","author":"Gazivoda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H.-M. (2021). Role of Organic and Eco-Friendly Inhibitors on the Corrosion Mitigation of Steel in Acidic Environments\u2014A State-of-Art Review. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113473"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2007.04.079","article-title":"Natural products as corrosion inhibitor for metals in corrosive media\u2014A review","volume":"62","author":"Raja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2018.01.008","article-title":"Evaluation of Ginkgo leaf extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor of X70 steel in HCl solution","volume":"133","author":"Qiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"NACE-01558","article-title":"The use of tobacco extracts as corrosion inhibitors","volume":"2001-March","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"NACE-Int. Corros. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"107","article-title":"Corrosion inhibitive properties and adsorption behaviour of ethanol extract of Piper guinensis as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4","volume":"2","author":"Ebenso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12278","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)13264-0","article-title":"Effects of extracts from nauclea latifolia on the dissolution of carbon steel in H2SO4 solutions","volume":"8","author":"Okafor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004041530105","article-title":"Aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. as inhibitor of Al \u00b1 Mg alloy corrosion in chloride solution","volume":"30","author":"Kliskic","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1556\/AAlim.33.2004.3.4","article-title":"Natural compounds as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors of aluminium","volume":"33","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Aliment."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2009.05.024","article-title":"Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution by henna extract: A comparative study of the inhibition by henna and its constituents (Lawsone, Gallic acid, \u03b1-d-Glucose and Tannic acid)","volume":"51","author":"Ostovari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1179\/000705984798273128","article-title":"Quinine and strychnine as corrosion inhibitors for copper in sulphuric acid","volume":"19","author":"Subramanyam","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. Corros. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.07.012","article-title":"The Botanical Drug Substance Crofelemer as a Model System for Comparative Characterization of Complex Mixture Drugs","volume":"106","author":"Kleindl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13061219","article-title":"Identification of minor secondary metabolites from the latex of Croton lechleri (Muell-Arg) and evaluation of their antioxidant activity","volume":"13","author":"Gala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1021\/np000270v","article-title":"Geographic distribution of three alkaloid chemotypes of Croton lechleri","volume":"65","author":"Milanowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1089\/107555303771952235","article-title":"Review of Sangre de Drago (Croton lechleri)\u2014A South American Tree Sap in the Treatment of Diarrhea, Inflammation, Insect Bites, Viral Infections, and Wounds: Traditional Uses to Clinical Research","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/maco.201206532","article-title":"Effectiveness of Croton cajucara Benth on corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in saline medium","volume":"64","author":"Felipe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Corros."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2014.07.017","article-title":"Corrosion inhibition of Eleusine aegyptiaca and Croton rottleri leaf extracts on cast iron surface in 1 M HCl medium","volume":"314","author":"Rajeswari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"507","article-title":"Mitigation of mild steel corrosion in 1M sulphuric acid medium by Croton Sparciflorus A green inhibitor","volume":"2","author":"Geethamani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Sci. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarker, S.D., and Nahar, L. (2012). Natural Products Isolation, Humana Press. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-624-1"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014","article-title":"Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review","volume":"117","author":"Azmir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113571","article-title":"Valorisation of food agro-industrial by-products: From the past to the present and perspectives","volume":"299","author":"Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lampakis, D., Skenderidis, P., and Leontopoulos, S. (2021). Technologies and Extraction Methods of Polyphenolic Compounds Derived from Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peels. A Mini Review. Processes, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9020236"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9502856","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9502856","article-title":"Recent Development of Optimization of Lyophilization Process","volume":"2019","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2006.03.020","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter","volume":"38","author":"Reverchon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2015.04.025","article-title":"Antioxidant phenolic compounds recovery from Mangifera indica L. by-products by supercritical antisolvent extraction","volume":"163","author":"Meneses","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2018.04.005","article-title":"Generation of potent antioxidant nanoparticles from mango leaves by supercritical antisolvent extraction","volume":"138","author":"Montes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-961907","article-title":"Taspine is the cicatrizant principle in Sangre de Grado extracted from Croton lechleri","volume":"55","author":"Vaisberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palanisamy, G. (2019). Corrosion Inhibitors. Corrosion Inhibitors, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.80542"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.05.021","article-title":"Review of corrosive environments for copper and its corrosion inhibitors","volume":"13","author":"Fateh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2017.09.026","article-title":"Concentrated oleuropein powder from olive leaves using alcoholic extraction and supercritical CO2 assisted extraction","volume":"133","author":"Baldino","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.12.026","article-title":"Preparation of apigenin nanocrystals using supercritical antisolvent process for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5733","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S34365","article-title":"Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: Evaluation using coenzyme Q10 as naked nanocrystals","volume":"7","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S26546","article-title":"Enhanced bioavailability of sirolimus via preparation of solid dispersion nanoparticles using a supercritical antisolvent process","volume":"6","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.117265","article-title":"Heterocyclic biomolecules as green corrosion inhibitors","volume":"341","author":"Quraishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(90)80004-8","article-title":"Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of corrosion processes on inhomogeneous surfaces","volume":"35","year":"1990","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Tian, J., Meng, J., Zhao, R., Li, C., Ma, J., and Jin, T. (2018). Modification and Characterization of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Use in Adsorption of Alkaloids. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030562"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2015.12.086","article-title":"Novel quinoline derivatives as green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium: Electrochemical, SEM, AFM, and XPS studies","volume":"216","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2020.100588","article-title":"Bagassa guianensis ethanol extract used as sustainable eco-friendly inhibitor for zinc corrosion in 3% NaCl: Electrochemical and XPS studies","volume":"20","author":"Lebrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1515\/corrrev-2016-0016","article-title":"Electrochemical and XPS studies of alkyl imidazoline on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in citric acid solution","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Corros. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.08.093","article-title":"Papaya leaves extract as a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for Cu in H2SO4 medium","volume":"582","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(82)85025-1","article-title":"Electrochemical studies of the kinetics and mechanism of brass dezincification","volume":"27","author":"Polunin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-938X(00)00130-X","article-title":"Comparison of the spontaneous and anodic processes during dissolution of brass","volume":"43","year":"2001","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, P., and Ogle, K. (2018). The Corrosion of Copper and Copper Alloys. Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-409547-2.13429-8"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/380217","article-title":"Green Inhibitors for Corrosion Protection of Metals and Alloys: An Overview","volume":"2012","author":"Rani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Corros."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1021\/la034964q","article-title":"Direct STM Investigation of Cinchona Alkaloid Adsorption on Cu(111)","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1021\/ie402609g","article-title":"\u2018Pungent\u2019 Copper Surface Resists Acid Corrosion in Strong HCl Solutions","volume":"53","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.5006\/1.3293535","article-title":"Inhibition of Copper Corrosion in Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution by Various Forms of the Piperidine Moiety","volume":"50","author":"Singh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Corrosion"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H.-J., Zhang, W., and Wu, Y.-C. (2019). Anti-Corrosive Properties of Alkaloids on Metals. Alkaloids\u2014Their Importance in Nature and Human Life, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.81749"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/24\/7417\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:42:30Z","timestamp":1760168550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/24\/7417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26247417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26247417","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]}}}