{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T13:41:28Z","timestamp":1777297288214,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS) against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in experimental rats. The study involved an intact control group, LPS-RS group, two groups were given ethanol (3 and 5 g\/kg\/day) for 28 days, and two other groups (LPS-RS + 3 g\/kg ethanol) and (LPS-RS + 5 g\/kg ethanol) received a daily dose of LPS-RS (800 \u03bcg\/kg) before ethanol. Ethanol significantly increased the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the liver tissue and decreased anti-oxidant enzymes. Hepcidin expression was downregulated in the liver, with increased serum levels of ferritin and iron. Prior-administration of LPS-RS alleviated the increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and preserved iron homeostasis markers. In the kidney, administration of ethanol caused significant increase in the expression of NF-\u03baB and the levels of TNF-\u03b1 and kidney injury markers; whereas LPS-RS + ethanol groups had significantly lower levels of those parameters. In conclusion; this study reports anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and iron homeostasis regulatory effects of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist LPS-RS against ethanol induced toxicity in both the liver and the kidney of experimental rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T23:30:00Z","timestamp":1639006200000},"page":"7437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides against Ethanol-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Experimental Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2759-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman T.","family":"Mehanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Al-Shimaa A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"El-Shaarawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Arish 45518, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-968X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha M.","family":"Mesbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina M.","family":"Abo-Elmatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8871-7756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora M.","family":"Aborehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), 6th October City 12451, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and current management","volume":"38","author":"Osna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.002","article-title":"Alcohol metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Cederbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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