{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:21:58Z","timestamp":1789132918556,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Daegu Catholic University Medical Center","award":["2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important medical problem worldwide, but current treatments are limited. During sepsis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates various signaling pathways involved in multiorgan failure. Carnosic acid is a natural phenolic diterpene and has multiple bioactivities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. However, the effect of carnosic acid on septic AKI has not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether carnosic acid has a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced kidney injury. Administration of carnosic acid after LPS injection ameliorated histological abnormalities and renal dysfunction. Cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, and nuclear factor-\u03baB activation after LPS injection were also alleviated by carnosic acid. The compound suppressed oxidative stress with the modulation of pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Tubular cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation were also inhibited by carnosic acid. These data suggest that carnosic acid ameliorates LPS-induced AKI via inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and could serve as a useful treatment agent for septic AKI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T22:06:10Z","timestamp":1639519570000},"page":"7589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Protective Effects of Carnosic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jung-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Lim","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5560-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyun Moo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaechan","family":"Leem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Hee","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32563-2","article-title":"Acute kidney injury","volume":"394","author":"Ronco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.05.026","article-title":"Acute kidney injury from sepsis: Current concepts, epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment","volume":"96","author":"Peerapornratana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ow, C.P.C., Trask-Marino, A., Betrie, A.H., Evans, R.G., May, C.N., and Lankadeva, Y.R. 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