{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T10:49:43Z","timestamp":1789296583353,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnosis of affective disorders has been the subject of constant research by clinicians from all over the world for many years. Making an appropriate diagnosis among patients suffering from mood disorders is sometimes problematic due to the personality-changing nature of patients and the similarity in the clinical picture of episodes in affective disorders. For this reason, there is a need to develop rapid and effective methods of determining biological markers that differentiate these diseases. The research was carried out with blood taken from 15 patients and 15 volunteers. The analysis of biological material for trace concentrations of zinc and copper was carried out with the use of ultrasensitive triple-quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (TQ ICP-MS). The obtained results prove that the concentration of copper in the test group was lower than in the control group. For the zinc concentrations, the inverse relationship was observed. The group of patients was characterized by a higher concentration of this element than the group of healthy volunteers. Summarizing the obtained results and comparing them with the results of studies by other authors, it was found that zinc and copper may be potential biomarkers of affective disorders and pandemic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1640567214000},"page":"91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Copper and Zinc as Potential Biomarkers of Mood Disorders and Pandemic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5988-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"\u015awi\u0105dro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2, Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Ordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2, Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Toxicological and Pharmaceutical Analyzes, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2, Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Dudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 21a, Miko\u0142aj Kopernik St., 31-000 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8908-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Wietecha-Pos\u0142uszny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2, Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.10.015","article-title":"The Genetics of the Mood Disorder Spectrum: Genome-Wide Association Analyses of over 185,000 Cases and 439,000 Controls","volume":"88","author":"Coleman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. 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