{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:59:21Z","timestamp":1785787161423,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","award":["STM.A010.21.026."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STM.A010.21.026."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a common, chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting 125 million people worldwide. It is associated with several important conditions, including psoriatic arthritis, cardiometabolic syndrome, and depression, leading to a significant reduction in patients\u2019 quality of life. Current treatments only reduce symptoms, not cure. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of the disease, the role of oxidative stress in this autoimmune disease, as well as potential therapeutic options with substances of natural origin. The main aim of the study is intended to offer a review of the literature to present plants and phytochemicals that can represent potential remedies in the fight against psoriasis. We identified many in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials studies that evaluated the relationship between chosen natural substances and immune system response in the course of psoriasis. We sought to find articles about the efficacy of potential natural-derived drugs in controlling symptoms and their ability to maintain long-term disease inactivity without side effects, and the result of our work is a review, which highlights the effectiveness of plant-derived drugs in controlling the inflammatory burden on psoriatic patients by decreasing the oxidative stress conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T22:46:32Z","timestamp":1642545992000},"page":"591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Promising Strategies in Plant-Derived Treatments of Psoriasis-Update of In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Trials Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8741-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyna","family":"Nowak-Perlak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Szpadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabella","family":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Pizon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Center Bayreuth, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7978-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120568","article-title":"The Immunologic Basis for the Treatment of Psoriasis with New Biologic Agents","volume":"46","author":"Krueger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07675.x","article-title":"A Classification of Psoriasis Vulgaris According to Phenotype","volume":"156","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a015354","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a015354","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"4","author":"Villanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benhadou, F., Mintoff, D., Schnebert, B., and Thio, H. (2018). Psoriasis and Microbiota: A Systematic Review. Diseases, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases6020047"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1689","article-title":"Getting under the Skin: The Immunogenetics of Psoriasis","volume":"5","author":"Bowcock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041320","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"352","author":"Boehncke","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20165080","article-title":"Psoriasis comorbidities: Complications and benefits of immunobiological treatment","volume":"91","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medicinal plants to calm and treat psoriasis disease","volume":"1","author":"Aghmiuni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aromat. Med. Plants\u2013Back Nat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2012.690430","article-title":"Plants and plant products with potential antipsoriatic activity\u2014A review","volume":"50","author":"Kaur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00832.x","article-title":"Psoriasis\u2014Epidemiology and Clinical Spectrum","volume":"26","author":"Christophers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1981.01650050005005","article-title":"Mode of Inheritance in Psoriasis","volume":"117","author":"Burch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000247341","article-title":"Bimodality in Age of Onset of Psoriasis, in Both Patients and Their Relatives","volume":"186","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120470","article-title":"Psoriasis of Early and Late Onset: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Study from Spain","volume":"46","author":"Pujol","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-011-1189-x","article-title":"Comparison of bacterial microbiota in skin biopsies from normal and psoriatic skin","volume":"304","author":"Engstrand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendon, A., and Sch\u00e4kel, K. (2019). Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061475"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dopytalska, K., Ciechanowicz, P., Wiszniewski, K., Szyma\u0144ska, E., and Walecka, I. (2021). The role of epigenetic factors in psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179294"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3449-2_8","article-title":"Epigenetics of psoriasis","volume":"1253","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epigenet. Allergy Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)70188-0","article-title":"Psoriasis of Early and Late Onset: Characterization of Two Types of Psoriasis Vulgaris","volume":"13","author":"Henseler","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2007.1s.40","article-title":"Clinical Presentation of Psoriasis","volume":"59","author":"Ayala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.064","article-title":"Psoriasis and Comorbid Diseases","volume":"76","author":"Takeshita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050500","article-title":"Plasmacytoid Predendritic Cells Initiate Psoriasis through Interferon-Production","volume":"202","author":"Nestle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19057","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509736102","article-title":"Increase in TNF-~ and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-Expressing Dendritic Cells in Psoriasis and Reduction with Efalizumab (Anti-CD11a)","volume":"102","author":"Lowes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05663","article-title":"Pathogenesis and Therapy of Psoriasis","volume":"445","author":"Lowes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00171-7","article-title":"TNF\/INOS-Producing Dendritic Cells Mediate Innate Immune Defense against Bacterial Infection","volume":"19","author":"Serbina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700310","article-title":"Prominent Production of IL-20 by CD68\/CD11c Myeloid-Derived Cells in Psoriasis: Gene Regulation and Cellular Effects","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00157.2002","article-title":"Novel Mechanisms of T-Cell and Dendritic Cell Activation Revealed by Profiling of Psoriasis on the 63,100-Element Oligonucleotide Array","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.03.006","article-title":"Psoriasis Vulgaris: Cutaneous Lymphoid Tissue Supports T-Cell Activation and \u2018Type 1\u2019 Inflammatory Gene Expression","volume":"25","author":"Lew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.10.003","article-title":"Understanding the IL-23IL-17 Immune Pathway","volume":"27","author":"McKenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(00)00120-1","article-title":"Characterization of a T Cell Line Bearing Natural Killer Receptors and Capable of Creating Psoriasis in a SCID Mouse Model System","volume":"24","author":"Nickoloff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240315","article-title":"T Cell Clones from Psoriasis Skin Lesions Can Promote Keratinocyte Proliferationin Vitro via Secreted Products","volume":"24","author":"Prinz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.164","article-title":"Dysfunctional Blood and Target Tissue CD4CD25high Regulatory T Cells in Psoriasis: Mechanism Underlying Unrestrained Pathogenic Effector T Cell Proliferation","volume":"174","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.2.381","article-title":"Partial Purification of a Serum Factor That Causes Necrosis of Tumors","volume":"73","author":"Green","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1619","article-title":"Altered Expression of Keratinocyte Growth Factor and Its Receptor in Psoriasis","volume":"151","author":"Finch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lambert, A.J., and Brand, M.D. (2009). Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Mitochondria. Methods in Molecular Biology, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-521-3_11"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S498","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000186787.64500.12","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"33","author":"Bayr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049478","article-title":"Mitochondrial Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"552","author":"Turrens","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2014.971446","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species, Heat Stress and Oxidative-Induced Mitochondrial Damage. A Review","volume":"30","author":"Slimen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"w13659","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species: From Health to Disease","volume":"142","author":"Brieger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Wkly."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2445-3","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species and Fibrosis: Further Evidence of a Significant Liaison","volume":"365","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3570593","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Synthases: Structure, Function and Inhibition","volume":"357","author":"Alderton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.10.042","article-title":"INOS-Mediated Nitric Oxide Production and Its Regulation","volume":"75","author":"Aktan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.033","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis","volume":"47","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"327","article-title":"Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Its Product Nitric Oxide, a Small Molecule with Complex Biological Activities","volume":"376","author":"Kroencke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Synthases: Regulation and Function","volume":"33","author":"Forstermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.01.002","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: A Concept in Redox Biology and Medicine","volume":"4","author":"Sies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956792","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/956792","article-title":"Achieving the Balance between ROS and Antioxidants: When to Use the Synthetic Antioxidants","volume":"2013","author":"Poljsak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2003.00751.x","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity, Lipid Peroxidation and Skin Diseases. Whats New","volume":"17","author":"Briganti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/35041687","article-title":"Oxidants, Oxidative Stress and the Biology of Ageing","volume":"408","author":"Finkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00303-06","article-title":"Regulation of Late G\/S Phase Transition and APC Cdh1 by Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"26","author":"Havens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-012-1272-y","article-title":"Assessment of an Imiquimod-Induced Psoriatic Mouse Model in Relation to Oxidative Stress","volume":"304","author":"Baek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2016.1162301","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Psoriasis and Potential Therapeutic Use of Antioxidants","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02439252","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Keratinocytes as an Etiopathogenetic Factor of Psoriasis","volume":"129","author":"Shilov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12371744","article-title":"Enzymic and Non-Enzymic Antioxidants in Epidermis and Dermis of Human Skin","volume":"102","author":"Shindo","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-010-0043-9","article-title":"Role of Oxidative Stress in Various Stages of Psoriasis","volume":"25","author":"Kadam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2012.1884","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Autoimmune Skin Disease","volume":"23","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2020.93386","article-title":"Paraoxonase-1 and Other Factors Related to Oxidative in Psoriasis","volume":"37","author":"Oszukowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ple\u0144kowska, J., Gabig-Cimi\u0144ska, M., and Mozolewski, P. (2020). Oxidative Stress as an Important Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176206"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3011","article-title":"Antioxidant Status in Patients with Psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Houshang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-012-1230-8","article-title":"Role of Cellular Oxidative Stress and Cytochrome c in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis","volume":"304","author":"Gabr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"CC14","article-title":"The Serum Levels of Malondialdehyde, Vitamin E and Erythrocyte Catalase Activity in Psoriasis Patients","volume":"8","author":"Pujari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20328","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20328","article-title":"Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling of Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling Networks in Zebrafish and Human Keratinocytes: Implications toward Conservation, Migration and Wound Healing","volume":"6","author":"Lisse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barygina, V., Becatti, M., Prignano, F., Lotti, T., Taddei, N., and Fiorillo, C. (2019). Fibroblasts to Keratinocytes Redox Signaling: The Possible Role of ROS in Psoriatic Plaque Formation. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8110566"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.122","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Necrosis Factor\u2014Activated Primary Human Keratinocytes: Implications for Psoriasis and Inflammatory Skin Disease","volume":"128","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2018.77767","article-title":"Thiol\/Disulphide Balance in Patients with Psoriasis","volume":"37","author":"Aksoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.5114\/dr.2017.71834","article-title":"The Role of Lipids in Psoriasis","volume":"104","author":"Baran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2016.04.002","article-title":"Oxidative Stress, MicroRNAs and Cytosolic Calcium Homeostasis","volume":"60","author":"Magenta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011811-132448","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"7","author":"Perera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3886","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3886::AID-IMMU3886>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Up-Regulates IL-8 and TNF- Synthesis by Human Dendritic Cells","volume":"28","author":"Verhasselt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00194-4","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species Activate Human Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells","volume":"26","author":"Rutault","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.003939-0","article-title":"T Helper 1 to T Helper 2 Shift in Cytokine Expression: An Autoregulatory Process in Superantigen-Associated Psoriasis Progression?","volume":"58","author":"Jain","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1179\/1351000213Y.0000000044","article-title":"Redox Regulation of the Immune Response","volume":"18","author":"Gostner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200902200214","article-title":"Angiogenesis in Psoriatic Skin and Its Modifications after Administration of Etanercept: Videocapillaroscopic, Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation","volume":"22","author":"Campanati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03181.x","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Psoriasis: An Indicator of Disease Severity and Control","volume":"23","author":"Nofal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.04.007","article-title":"Angiogenesis and Oxidative Stress: Common Mechanisms Linking Psoriasis with Atherosclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Armstrong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00262.x","article-title":"Increased Microvascular Density and Enhanced Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in the Skin of VEGF Transgenic Mice","volume":"111","author":"Detmar","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(02)00064-6","article-title":"Extracellular Regulated Kinase and C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Are Activated in Psoriatic Involved Epidermis","volume":"30","author":"Takahashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06304.x","article-title":"The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases P38 and ERK1\/2 Are Increased in Lesional Psoriatic Skin","volume":"152","author":"Johansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2007.05.002","article-title":"Expression and Localization of the Activated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Lesional Psoriatic Skin","volume":"83","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34277","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302759200","article-title":"A regulatory role for p38 delta MAPK in keratinocyte differentiation. Evidence for p38 delta-ERK1\/2 complex formation","volume":"278","author":"Efimova","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.178","article-title":"Crosstalk of Reactive Oxygen Species and NF-B Signaling","volume":"21","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17580","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.25.17580","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Triggers STAT3 Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Nuclear Translocation in Human Lymphocytes","volume":"274","author":"Carballo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1254331","article-title":"Worldwide Utilization of Topical Remedies in Treatment of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review","volume":"28","author":"Svendsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0266-0","article-title":"Topical Botanical Agents for the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review","volume":"18","author":"Farahnik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-015-1577-8","article-title":"In Silico Database Screening of Potential Targets and Pathways of Compounds Contained in Plants Used for Psoriasis Vulgaris","volume":"307","author":"May","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2014.10.006","article-title":"Evaluation of Biological Properties and Clinical Effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic Review","volume":"5","author":"Radha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"3537","article-title":"Effects of Aloe Polysaccharide, a Polysaccharide Extracted from Aloe-vera, on TNF\u2014induced HaCaT Cell Proliferation and the Underlying Mechanism in Psoriasis","volume":"18","author":"Leng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha, H., Lee, H., Seo, C.S., Lim, H.-S., Lee, J.K., Lee, M.-Y., and Shin, H. (2014). Artemisia Capillaris Inhibits Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions in Dermatophagoides Farinae-Sensitized Nc\/Nga Mice. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-100"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6032","article-title":"Antiproliferation of Keratinocytes and Alleviation of Psoriasis by the Ethanol Extract of Artemisia Capillaris","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3610494","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3610494","article-title":"Therapeutic Efficacies of Artemisia Capillaris Extract Cream Formulation in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Models","volume":"2018","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2012.00877.x","article-title":"The Evaluation of the Clinical Effect of Topical St Johns Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in Plaque Type Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Pilot Study","volume":"53","author":"Najafizadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1351019","article-title":"Topical Application of St. John\u2019s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)","volume":"80","author":"Seelinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.201423","article-title":"The Impact of Topical Saint John\u2019s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Treatment on Tissue Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels in Plaque-Type Psoriasis: A Pilot Study","volume":"63","author":"Mansouri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_218_19","article-title":"Rehmannia Radix Extract Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in a Mouse Model via the Janus-Kinase Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Pathway","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.08.012","article-title":"Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Anti-Inflammatory Components from the Root of Rehmannia Glutinosa and Its Underlying Mechanism via Inhibition of INOS Pathway","volume":"143","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-012-9433-x","article-title":"Rehmannia Glutinosa Suppresses Inflammatory Responses Elicited by Advanced Glycation End Products","volume":"35","author":"Baek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172881","article-title":"Mechanism of Danshensu-Induced Inhibition of Abnormal Epidermal Proliferation in Psoriasis","volume":"868","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13511","article-title":"Cryptotanshinonereduces Psoriatic Epidermal Hyperplasia via Inhibiting the Activation of STAT3","volume":"27","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.2478\/acph-2019-0045","article-title":"Application of Medicinal Plants in Several Dermatovenerological Entities","volume":"69","author":"Drvar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharm."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3109\/21691401.2013.832683","article-title":"Capsaicin Delivery into the Skin with Lipidic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Psoriasis","volume":"43","author":"Agrawal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00852-y","article-title":"Novel Nanoemulsion Gel Containing Triple Natural Bio-Actives Combination of Curcumin, Thymoquinone, and Resveratrol Improves Psoriasis Therapy: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies","volume":"11","author":"Khatoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7807313","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7807313","article-title":"Natural Modulators of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Psoriatic Skin Inflammation","volume":"2017","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, A., Monteiro, V., Navegantes-Lima, K., Reis, J., Gomes, R., Rodrigues, D., Gaspar, S., and Monteiro, M. (2017). Resveratrol Role in Autoimmune Disease\u2014A Mini-Review. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121306"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.200900319","article-title":"Curcumin in Cancer Chemoprevention: Molecular Targets, Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, and Clinical Trials","volume":"343","author":"Shehzad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-010-1470-2","article-title":"A Phase I\/II Study of Gemcitabine-Based Chemotherapy plus Curcumin for Patients with Gemcitabine-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"68","author":"Kanai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"4263","article-title":"Docking Prediction for Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 and Five Herbal Inhibitors","volume":"2","author":"Wua","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.12.035","article-title":"Oral Curcumin in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Prospective Clinical Trial","volume":"58","author":"Kurd","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.11.005","article-title":"Curcumin Attenuates Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 and TLR9 Expression","volume":"12","author":"Tu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"469","article-title":"Curcumin Attenuates the Expression of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- as Well as Cyclin E in TNF--Treated HaCaT Cells NF-B and MAPKs as Potential Upstream Targets","volume":"19","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.03.025","article-title":"Curcumin Induces Apoptosis in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha-Treated HaCaT Cells","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03767.x","article-title":"Drug-Induced Suppression of Phosphorylase Kinase Activity Correlates with Resolution of Psoriasis as Assessed by Clinical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Parameters","volume":"143","author":"Heng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-012-9432-8","article-title":"Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.12.020","article-title":"Rottlerin Inhibits the Nuclear Factor B\/Cyclin-D1 Cascade in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"82","author":"Torricelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.08.059","article-title":"Structureactivity Relationship Studies of Acridones as Potential Antipsoriatic Agents. 2. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of 10-Substituted Hydroxy-10H-Acridin-9-Ones against Human Keratinocyte Growth","volume":"45","author":"Putic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min, M., Yan, B.-X., Wang, P., Landeck, L., Chen, J.-Q., Li, W., Cai, S.-Q., Zheng, M., and Man, X.-Y. (2017). Rottlerin as a Therapeutic Approach0.6emin Psoriasis: Evidence from in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190051"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.02.003","article-title":"An Effective Identification and Quantification Method for Ginkgo Biloba Flavonol Glycosides with Targeted Evaluation of Adulterated Products","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2015.04.002","article-title":"Investigation of Impact of Storage Conditions on Hypericum perforatum L. Dried Total Extract","volume":"23","author":"Koyu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1159\/000373955","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Lesions in BALB\/c Mice and Inhibits TNF-a-Induced ICAM-1 Expression via NF-B\/MAPK in HaCaT Cells","volume":"35","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.01.019","article-title":"Quercetin Derivative Induces Cell Death in Glioma Cells by Modulating NF-B Nuclear Translocation and Caspase-3 Activation","volume":"84","author":"Kiekow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.04.022","article-title":"Quercetin Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice via the NF-B Pathway","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.111401.144957","article-title":"Dietary Flavonoids: Bioavailability, Metabolic Effects, and Safety","volume":"22","author":"Ross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R59","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2682","article-title":"Apigenin, a Non-Mutagenic Dietary Flavonoid, Suppresses Lupus by Inhibiting Autoantigen Presentation for Expansion of Autoreactive Th1 and Th17 Cells","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2018.07.005","article-title":"Apigenin Inhibits UVB-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis: The Role of Thrombospondin-1 as an Anti-Inflammatory Factor","volume":"20","author":"Mirzoeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.11.139","article-title":"A Review of the Dietary Flavonoid, Kaempferol on Human Health and Cancer Chemoprevention","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13363","article-title":"Kaempferol Attenuates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriatic Skin Inflammation in a Mouse Model","volume":"198","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsuda, S., Minami, A., Ono, Y., and Kitagishi, Y. (2015). Neuroprotection of Genistein in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407824-6.00093-8"},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"135","article-title":"Biological Properties of Genistein. A Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Data","volume":"57","author":"Polkowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Pol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.01.054","article-title":"Genistein Suppresses Psoriasis-Related Inflammation through a STAT3NF-B-Dependent Mechanism in Keratinocytes","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smoli\u0144ska, E., Moskot, M., Jak\u00f3bkiewicz-Banecka, J., Wegrzyn, G., Banecki, B., Szczerkowska-Dobosz, A., Purzycka-Bohdan, D., and Gabig-Cimi\u0144ska, M. (2018). Molecular Action of Isoflavone Genistein in the Human Epithelial Cell Line HaCaT. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192297"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-014-0096-3","article-title":"Review of the Protective Effects of Rutin on the Metabolic Function as an Important Dietary Flavonoid","volume":"37","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2016.04.025","article-title":"The Pharmacological Potential of Rutin","volume":"25","author":"Ganeshpurkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2012.01528.x","article-title":"Antipsoriatic Activity of Extracts and Fractions Obtained from Memecylon Malabaricum Leaves","volume":"64","author":"Dhanabal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5001","article-title":"Anti-Atherogenic Effect of Citrus Flavonoids, Naringin and Naringenin, Associated with Hepatic ACAT and Aortic VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in High Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits","volume":"284","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Fokou, P., Sharifi-Rad, M., Zucca, P., Pezzani, R., Martins, N., and Sharifi-Rad, J. (2019). The Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin: A Review of Clinical Trials. Pharmaceuticals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12010011"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verri, W.A., Vicentini, F.T.M.C., Baracat, M.M., Georgetti, S.R., Cardoso, R.D.R., Cunha, T.M., Ferreira, S.H., Cunha, F.Q., Fonseca, M.J.V., and Casagrande, R. (2012). Flavonoids as Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Perspectives in the Development of Pharmaceutical Forms. Bioactive Natural Products, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53836-9.00026-8"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.01.019","article-title":"Jam Processing and Storage Effects on -Carotene and Flavonoids Content in Grapefruit","volume":"5","author":"Igual","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1368351","article-title":"Preclinical Evidence for the Pharmacological Actions of Naringin: A Review","volume":"80","author":"Bharti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2012.1072","article-title":"Naringin Inhibits Chemokine Production in an LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Line","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deenonpoe, R., Prayong, P., Thippamom, N., Meephansan, J., and Na-Bangchang, K. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Naringin and Sericin Combination on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (HPBMCs) from Patient with Psoriasis. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2535-3"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winiarska-Mieczan, A., Mieczan, T., and W\u00f3jcik, G. (2020). Importance of Redox Equilibrium in the Pathogenesis of PsoriasisImpact of Antioxidant-Rich Diet. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061841"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Liu, X., Mei, L., Wang, H., and Fang, F. (2016). Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Inhibits Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Inflammation of BALB\/c Mice. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1325-4"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361779","DOI":"10.1080\/16546628.2017.1361779","article-title":"Anthocyanidins and Anthocyanins: Colored Pigments as Food, Pharmaceutical Ingredients, and the Potential Health Benefits","volume":"61","author":"Khoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.05.029","article-title":"Berry Anthocyanidins Synergistically Suppress Growth and Invasive Potential of Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells","volume":"325","author":"Kausar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1159\/000368445","article-title":"Prodifferentiation, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of Delphinidin, a Dietary Anthocyanidin, in a Full-Thickness Three-Dimensional Reconstituted Human Skin Model of Psoriasis","volume":"28","author":"Chamcheu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ski. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01691.x","article-title":"Lycopene: Chemistry, Biology, and Implications for Human Health and Disease","volume":"56","author":"Clinton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8223(93)91553-3","article-title":"Carotenoid Content of Fruits and Vegetables: An Evaluation of Analytic Data","volume":"93","author":"Mangels","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"705121","article-title":"Multiple Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Action of Lycopene in Cancer Inhibition","volume":"2013","author":"Salgado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shih, C.-M., Hsieh, C.-K., Huang, C.-Y., Huang, C.-Y., Wang, K.-H., Fong, T.-H., Trang, N.T.T., Liu, K.-T., and Lee, A.-W. (2020). Lycopene Inhibit IMQ-Induced Psoriasis-Like Inflammation by Inhibiting ICAM-1 Production in Mice. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12071521"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5631","article-title":"Emodin: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"30","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9416962","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9416962","article-title":"Natural Compound Mixture, Containing Emodin, Genipin, Chlorogenic Acid, Cimigenoside, and Ginsenoside Rb1, Ameliorates Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesions by Suppressing Inflammation and Proliferation in Keratinocytes","volume":"2020","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/3\/591\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:03:15Z","timestamp":1760133795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/3\/591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27030591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27030591","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]}}}