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Indeed, this phenomenon has increased both mortality and morbidity as a consequence of treatment failures and its incidence in healthcare costs. The large amounts of antibiotics used in human therapies, as well as for farm animals and even for fishes in aquaculture, resulted in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. It is not negligible that the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may further contribute to antimicrobial resistance. In this paper, multidrug resistance and antimicrobial resistance are underlined, focusing on the therapeutic options to overcome these obstacles in drug treatments. Lastly, some recent studies on nanodrug delivery systems have been reviewed since they may represent a significant approach for overcoming resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T22:46:32Z","timestamp":1642545992000},"page":"616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":444,"title":["Multidrug Resistance (MDR): A Widespread Phenomenon in Pharmacological Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7420-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Catalano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5179-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Iacopetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Ceramella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8117-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenica","family":"Scumaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Gr\u00e6cia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Giuzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International PhD Programme \u2018Sciences\u2019, Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7419-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela","family":"Saturnino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8417-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Aquaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2949-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camillo","family":"Rosano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2435-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Stefania","family":"Sinicropi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84559","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19187","article-title":"Novel strategies to prevent the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iacopetta, D., Rosano, C., Sirignano, M., Mariconda, A., Ceramella, J., Ponassi, M., Saturnino, C., Sinicropi, M.S., and Longo, P. 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