{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:57:50Z","timestamp":1787029070321,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Controlled release matrices have predictable drug release kinetics, provide drugs for an extended period of time, and reduce dosing frequency with improved patient compliance as compared with conventional tablet dosage forms. In the current research work, losartan potassium controlled release matrix tablets were fabricated and prepared with rate altering agents; that is, Ethocel grade 100 combined with Carbopol 934PNF. Various drug to polymer ratios were used. HPMC, CMC, and starch were incorporated in some of the matrices by replacing some amount of filler (5%). The direct compression method was adopted for the preparation of matrices. In phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), the dissolution study was conducted by adopting the USP method-I as the specified method. Drug release kinetics was determined and dissolution profiles were also compared with the reference standard. Prolonged release was observed for all matrices, but those with Ethocel 100FP Premium showed more extended release. The co-excipient (HPMC, CMC, and starch) exhibited enhancement in the drug release rates, while all controlled release matrices released the drug by anamolous non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. This combination of polymers (Ethocel grade 100 with Carbopol 934PNF) efficiently extended the drug release rates up to 24 h. It is suggested that these matrix tablets can be given in once a day dosage, which might improve patient compliance, and the polymeric blend of Ethocel grade 100 with Carbopol 934PNF might be used in the development of prolonged release matrices of other water-soluble drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:00:56Z","timestamp":1643320856000},"page":"864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Preparation of Losartan Potassium Controlled Release Matrices and In-Vitro Investigation Using Rate Controlling Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kamran Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gul Majid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Muzammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0185-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Mohaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkhaliq J.","family":"Alsalman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maitham A.","family":"Al Hawaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashfaq","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid Rasul","family":"Niazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kifayat Ullah","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5147-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arshad","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2012, April 20). 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