{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:00:48Z","timestamp":1788778848988,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NOR\/POLNORCCS\/PhotoRed\/0007\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NOR\/POLNORCCS\/PhotoRed\/0007\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zinc chloride and potassium oxalate are often applied as activating agents for carbon materials. In this work, we present the preparation of ZnO\/carbon spheres composites using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin as a carbon source in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves. Zinc chloride as a zinc oxide source and potassium oxalate as an activating agent were applied. The effect of their addition and preparation conditions on the adsorption properties towards carbon dioxide at 0 \u00b0C and 25 \u00b0C were investigated. Additionally, for all tested sorbents, the CO2 sorption tests at 40 \u00b0C, carried out utilizing a thermobalance, confirmed the trend of sorption capacity measured at 0 and 25 \u00b0C. Furthermore, the sample activated using potassium oxalate and modified using zinc chloride (a carbon-to-zinc ratio equal to 10:1) displayed not only a high CO2 adsorption capacity (2.69 mmol CO2\/g at 40 \u00b0C) but also exhibited a stable performance during the consecutive multicycle adsorption\u2013desorption process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:22:19Z","timestamp":1645431739000},"page":"1387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Effect of the Modification of Carbon Spheres with ZnCl2 on the Adsorption Properties towards CO2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Iwona","family":"Pe\u0142ech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2160-5431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Staciwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sibera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of General Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u00f3w 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9908-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Kusiak-Nejman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2606-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni W.","family":"Morawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kapica-Kozar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2443-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Narkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2014.12.001","article-title":"Carbon capture, storage and utilisation technologies: A critical analysis and comparison of their life cycle environmental impacts","volume":"9","author":"Azapagic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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