{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:57:06Z","timestamp":1792184226901,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002811","name":"Cathay General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-CGH-FJU-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-CGH-FJU-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST110-2320-B-030-004-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2320-B-030-004-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gold has always been regarded as a symbol of nobility, and its shiny golden appearance has always attracted the attention of many people. Gold has good ductility, molecular recognition properties, and good biocompatibility. At present, gold is being used in many fields. When gold particles are as small as several nanometers, their physical and chemical properties vary with their size in nanometers. The surface area of a nano-sized gold surface has a special effect. Therefore, gold nanoparticles can, directly and indirectly, give rise to different biological activities. For example, if the surface of the gold is sulfided. Various substances have a strong chemical reactivity and are easy to combine with sulfhydryl groups; hence, nanogold is often used in biomedical testing, disease diagnosis, and gene detection. Nanogold is easy to bind to proteins, such as antibodies, enzymes, or cytokines. In fact, scientists use nanogold to bind special antibodies, as a tool for targeting cancer cells. Gold nanoparticles are also directly cytotoxic to cancer cells. For diseases caused by inflammation and oxidative damage, gold nanoparticles also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on these unique properties, gold nanoparticles have become the most widely studied metal nanomaterials. Many recent studies have further demonstrated that gold nanoparticles are beneficial for humans, due to their functional pharmacological properties in a variety of diseases. The content of this review will be the application of gold nanoparticles in treating or diagnosing pressing diseases, such as cancers, retinopathy, neurological diseases, skin disorders, bowel diseases, bone cartilage disorders, cardiovascular diseases, infections, and metabolic syndrome. Gold nanoparticles have shown very obvious therapeutic and application potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:48:33Z","timestamp":1645994913000},"page":"1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Pharmacological Role of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles in Disease Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wen-Chin","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Jane","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Yu","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Guang University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Ting","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jou","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Der-Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3478-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Feng","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"},{"name":"PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00810","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Sztandera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3592-8","article-title":"Response of the antioxidant enzymes of rats following oral administration of metal-oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, TiO2)","volume":"26","author":"Canli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-018-2529-8","article-title":"Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Tissue Accumulation and Antioxidant Enzymes of Galleria mellonella L.","volume":"102","author":"Tuncsoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-021-02131-0","article-title":"The application prospect of metal\/metal oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"394","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2021.101560","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles: Synthesis properties and applications","volume":"33","author":"Hammami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CS15166E","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles in biomedical applications: Recent advances and perspectives","volume":"41","author":"Dykman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724188","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.724188","article-title":"Gold Nanomaterials and Bone\/Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Biomedical Applications and Molecular Mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251584142110033","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414211003381","article-title":"The utility and risks of therapeutic nanotechnology in the retina","volume":"13","author":"Scheive","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, I.C., Ko, W.-C., Hsu, Y.-J., Lin, Y.-R., Chang, Y.-H., Zong, X.-H., Lai, P.-C., Chang, D.-C., and Hung, C.-F. (2021). The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation and Its Influence on Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222112049"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.05.031","article-title":"Nanotherapy for posterior eye diseases","volume":"193","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2020.102205","article-title":"Inhibition of choroidal neovascularization by systemic delivery of gold nanoparticles","volume":"28","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, C.M., Hsiao, C.Y., Li, H.J., Fang, J.Y., Chang, D.C., and Hung, C.F. (2019). The Inhibitory Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on VEGF-A-Induced Cell Migration in Choroid-Retina Endothelial Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010109"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6561","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19754","article-title":"The Antiangiogenic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice","volume":"57","author":"Roh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5514","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00661","article-title":"Targeted Imaging of VCAM-1 mRNA in a Mouse Model of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Using Antisense Hairpin-DNA-Functionalized Gold-Nanoparticles","volume":"15","author":"Uddin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f6derstjerna, E., Bauer, P., Cedervall, T., Abdshill, H., Johansson, F., and Johansson, U.E. (2014). Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Exposure to In Vitro Cultured Retina\u2014Studies on Nanoparticle Internalization, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Glial- and Microglial Activity. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105359"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2018.01.020","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of gold nanoparticles composites in Parkinson\u2019s disease model","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12384","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1706248114","article-title":"Oxalate-curcumin\u2013based probe for micro- and macroimaging of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"114","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Chang, Y., Liu, L., and Wang, J. (2021). Nanomaterials for Modulating the Aggregation of \u03b2-Amyloid Peptides. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26144301"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201303242","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 Aggregation with Gold Nanoparticles on Brain Lipid Bilayer","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201404562","article-title":"Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Multifunctional Amyloid-\u03b2 Inhibitor against Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. A Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR00699C","article-title":"The size-effect of gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters in the inhibition of amyloid-\u03b2 fibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201201068","article-title":"Negatively Charged Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit Alzheimer\u2019s Amyloid-\u03b2 Fibrillization, Induce Fibril Dissociation, and Mitigate Neurotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Liao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10418","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9789-4","article-title":"Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Terminalia arjuna bark extract: Assessment of safety aspects and neuroprotective potential via antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antiamyloidogenic effects","volume":"25","author":"Suganthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(01)00919-4","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and oxygen radicals: New insights","volume":"63","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.104992","article-title":"Nanogold induces anti-inflammation against oxidative stress induced in human neural stem cells exposed to amyloid-beta peptide","volume":"145","author":"Chiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.111635","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of biosynthesised gold nanoparticles synthesised from root extract of Paeonia moutan against Parkinson disease\u2014In vitro &In vivo model","volume":"200","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeh, L.-C., Chen, S.-P., Liao, F.-H., Wu, T.-H., Huang, Y.-T., and Lin, S.-Y. (2020). The Bioactive Core and Corona Synergism of Quantized Gold Enables Slowed Inflammation and Increased Tissue Regeneration in Wound Hypoxia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051699"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1021\/ja400280f","article-title":"Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Modulator on Artificial Enzyme System: Toward the Realization of High-Temperature Catalytic Reactions","volume":"135","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s40883-019-00121-6","article-title":"Development of biomimetic antimicrobial platelet-like particles comprised of microgel nanogold composites","volume":"6","author":"Sproul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regen. Eng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2011.08.013","article-title":"The effects of gold nanoparticles in wound healing with antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate and \u03b1-lipoic acid","volume":"8","author":"Leu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.89","article-title":"Acne Treatment Based on Selective Photothermolysis of Sebaceous Follicles with Topically Delivered Light-Absorbing Gold Microparticles","volume":"135","author":"Paithankar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krajewska, J.B., W\u0142odarczyk, J., Jacenik, D., Kordek, R., Taciak, P., Szczepaniak, R., and Fichna, J. (2021). New Class of Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics Based on Gold (III) Complexes in Intestinal Inflammation\u2013Proof of Concept Based on In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063121"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46671-1","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of gold nanoparticles on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice with reference to interleukin-17 expression","volume":"9","author":"Abdelmegid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0415-5","article-title":"Orally administered gold nanoparticles protect against colitis by attenuating Toll-like receptor 4- and reactive oxygen\/nitrogen species-mediated inflammatory responses but could induce gut dysbiosis in mice","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)24417-1","article-title":"The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gold salts injections","volume":"219","author":"Forestier","year":"1932","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2018.1446968","article-title":"Nano-gold displayed anti-inflammatory property via NF-kB pathways by suppressing COX-2 activity","volume":"46","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14092","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b02003","article-title":"Dose-Dependent Efficacy of Gold Clusters on Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy","volume":"4","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2019.2848","article-title":"Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of Gold Nanoclusters and Gold Nanoparticles on Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, D., Ko, W.-K., Kim, S.-J., Han, I.-B., Hong, J.-B., Sheen, S.-H., and Sohn, S. (2021). Inhibitory Effects of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles on the Differentiation into Osteoclasts In Vitro. Pharmaceutics, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040462"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Curcumin and Glu-GNPs Induce Radiosensitivity against Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells","volume":"2020","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M.-H., Liu, T.-Y., Chen, Y.-C., and Chen, M.-H. (2021). Combining Augmented Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy through a Nano-Gold and Bacterial Outer-Membrane Vesicle Complex for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11071661"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2018.04.002","article-title":"Multifunctional Chitosan-Capped Gold Nanoparticles for enhanced cancer chemo-radiotherapy: An invitro study","volume":"48","author":"Fathy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1039\/c8pp00271a","article-title":"Photosensitiser-gold nanoparticle conjugates for photodynamic therapy of cancer","volume":"17","author":"Bruce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2020-0051","article-title":"Recent advances in combinatorial cancer therapy via multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00871-y","article-title":"Enhancement of doxorubicin anti-cancer activity by vascular targeting using IsoDGR\/cytokine-coated nanogold","volume":"19","author":"Corti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21422","article-title":"Recent Advances in Anticancer Activities and Drug Delivery Systems of Tannins","volume":"37","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.1.169","article-title":"Gallic acid enhancement of gold nanoparticle anticancer activity in cervical cancer cells","volume":"16","author":"Daduang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2019.2682","article-title":"Nano-Gold Loaded with Resveratrol Enhance the Anti-Hepatoma Effect of Resveratrol In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9689","article-title":"Perspectives of gold nanoparticles and their applications in pancreatic cancer (Review)","volume":"21","author":"Aldea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190047","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0047","article-title":"Anticancer potential of nanogold conjugated toxin GNP-NN-32 from Naja naja venom","volume":"26","author":"Attarde","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2011.01.011","article-title":"Mechanism of anti-angiogenic property of gold nanoparticles: Role of nanoparticle size and surface charge","volume":"7","author":"Arvizo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-3155-5-4","article-title":"Potential therapeutic application of gold nanoparticles in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL): Enhancing apoptosis","volume":"5","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-017-4036-y","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles induce cell death and suppress migration of melanoma cells","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20200115","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200115","article-title":"Green nanogold activity in experimental breast carcinoma in vivo","volume":"40","author":"Hendi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2016.2315","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles Compromise TNF-\u03b1-Induced Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression Through NF-\u03baB and Protein Degradation Pathways and Reduce Neointima Formation in A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles reduce inflammation in cerebral microvessels of mice with sepsis","volume":"19","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02776-7","article-title":"Intrinsic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Oxygen\u2013Glucose Deprivation\/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Cortical Neurons","volume":"44","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakir, E., Younis, N., Mohamed, M., and El Semary, N. (2018). Cyanobacteria as Nanogold Factories: Chemical and Anti-Myocardial Infarction Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lyngbya majuscula. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16060217"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-021-03632-w","article-title":"Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles for Improved Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications: A Review","volume":"16","author":"Sibuyi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S58414","article-title":"Improving anticancer efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate gold nanoparticles in murine B16F10 melanoma cells","volume":"8","author":"Yeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.06.073","article-title":"The treatment of bladder cancer in a mouse model by epigallocatechin-3-gallate-gold nanoparticles","volume":"32","author":"Hsieh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safwat, M.A., Kandil, B.A., Elblbesy, M.A., Soliman, G.M., and Eleraky, N.E. (2020). Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles: Preparation and Evaluation of Anticancer Efficacy in Ehrlich Tumor-Bearing Mice. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13090254"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5017","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S204628","article-title":"Anti-osteoclastogenic effect of epigallocatechin gallate-functionalized gold nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00422","article-title":"Prospects of Nanostructure Materials and Their Composites as Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"9","author":"Baranwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.110416","article-title":"Safety of the application of nanosilver and nanogold in topical cosmetic preparations","volume":"183","author":"Grabowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.112083","article-title":"Nano-engineering stable contact-based antimicrobials: Chemistry at the interface between nano-gold and bacteria","volume":"208","author":"Vukomanovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00450","article-title":"Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Using Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticles on a Paper-Based Analytical Device","volume":"2","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoudi, F., Mahmoudi, F., Gollo, K.H., and Amini, M.M. (2021). Novel Gold Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis with Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss Extract, Characterization, and In Vivo Investigations on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Biol. Trace Elem. Res.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02819-7"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0338-1","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles improve metabolic profile of mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.7b00549","article-title":"Targeted Hyaluronate\u2013Hollow Gold Nanosphere Conjugate for Anti-Obesity Photothermal Lipolysis","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e283","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000251","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticle-assisted Selective Photothermolysis of Adipose Tissue (NanoLipo)","volume":"2","author":"Sheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581819863130","article-title":"Toxicological Behavior of Gold Nanoparticles on Various Models: Influence of Physicochemical Properties and Other Factors","volume":"38","author":"Adewale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c00779","article-title":"Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Treatment: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Bajpai","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/5\/1551\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:27:23Z","timestamp":1760135243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/5\/1551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27051551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27051551","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]}}}