{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:53:54Z","timestamp":1767207234416,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Khalid University through Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS)","award":["RCAMS\/KKU\/\/008\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCAMS\/KKU\/\/008\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over recent decades, much attention has been given to imply the natural products in cancer therapy alone or in combination with other established procedures. Insects have a rich history in traditional medicine across the globe, which holds promise for the future of natural product drug discovery. Cecropins, peptides produced by insects, are components of a defense system against infections and are well known to exert antimicrobial and antitumor capabilities. The present study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the role of curcumin in enhancing the anticancer effect of Musca domestica larval hemolymph. Third larval instars of M. domestica were injected with curcumin and the hemolymph was picked at 4, 8, and 24 h post-curcumin injection. M. domestica cecropin A (MdCecA) was evaluated in control and injected larval hemolymphs. The cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and normal Vero cells was assessed to be comparable to control larval hemolymph. Curcumin-injected larval hemolymphs exhibited significant cytotoxicity with respect to the uninjected ones against MCF-7; however, Vero cells showed no cytotoxicity. The IC50 was 106 \u00b1 2.9 and 388 \u00b1 9.2 \u03bcg\/mL for the hemolymphs of injected larvae at 4 and 8 h, respectively, while the control larval hemolymph revealed the IC50 of &gt;500 \u03bcg\/mL. For mechanistic anticancer evaluation, concentrations of 30, 60, and 100 \u03bcg\/mL of curcumin-injected larval hemolymphs were examined. A significant G2\/M cell cycle arrest was observed, confirming the anti-proliferative properties of hemolymphs over the tested concentrations. The MdCecA transcripts were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) upregulated at 4 and 8 h post-injection, while a significant downregulation was observed after 24 h. Cecropin quantification by LC\u2013MS revealed that MdCecA peptides have the highest expression in the hemolymph of the treated larvae at 8 h relative to the control group. The upregulation of cecropin expression at mRNA and protein levels may be attributed to the curcumin stimulation and linked to the increased cytotoxicity toward the cancer cell line. In conclusion, the results suggest that the apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of M. domestica hemolymph on MCF-7 cells following the curcumin injection can be used as a natural candidate in future pharmaceutical industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:48:33Z","timestamp":1645994913000},"page":"1570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["RETRACTED: Curcumin-Injected Musca domestica Larval Hemolymph: Cecropin Upregulation and Potential Anticancer Effect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5497-6429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaymaa","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sobhy","family":"Hassab El-Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Hawash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Ismailia 41632, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hesham","family":"El-Seedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"},{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaden","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-3038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Sehemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7241-4910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam","family":"El-Garawani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70945-8","article-title":"A newly isolated strain of Halomonas sp. (HA1) exerts anticancer potential via induction of apoptosis and G2\/M arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line","volume":"10","author":"Abbas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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