{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:58:15Z","timestamp":1787029095843,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[NRF-2017R1A6A1A06015181]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[NRF-2017R1A6A1A06015181]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyopes affinis is a red algal species commonly found on the South coast and near Jeju Island, Korea. This study aimed to determine whether P. affinis extracts can inhibit the pathogenesis of T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated inflammation in a human keratinocyte cell line of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cells were incubated with 10 ng\/mL of interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3) and 10 ng\/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) at various concentrations of PAB (10, 30, and 60 \u00b5g\/mL) and PAA (100, 500, and 1000 \u00b5g\/mL) extracts. A gene-ontology (GO)-enrichment analysis revealed that PAB significantly enriched the genes associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion, immune response, inflammation, and chemokine-mediated pathways. PAB suppressed the expression of the secretory proteins and mRNAs that are associated with the thymus and the production of activation-regulated chemokines (TARC\/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC\/CCL22). The effect of the extract on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its inhibition of TARC\/CCL17 and MDC\/CCL22 production by blocking NF-\u03baB and STAT1 activation. These results suggest that seaweed extract may improve AD by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines. In conclusion, we first confirmed the existence of phloroglucinol, a polyphenol formed from a precursor called phlorotannin, which is present in PAB, and this result proved the possibility of PAB being used as a treatment for AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T22:29:43Z","timestamp":1647210583000},"page":"1836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Polyopes affinis Suppressed IFN-\u03b3- and TNF-\u03b1-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-\u03baB and STAT1 Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yuna","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Hwi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang Kyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Kyung","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Energy Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 46938, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5073-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongsung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youn-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00739-8","article-title":"Impact of seaweed intake on health","volume":"75","author":"Murai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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