{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T21:31:05Z","timestamp":1768771865915,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretary of Agriculture and Rural Development from Government of Antioquia","award":["grant number 111580562947, Contract 80740-014-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number 111580562947, Contract 80740-014-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of chemical markers in raw cacao beans in two clones (introduced and regional) in Colombia over several years. Multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the flavanol monomers (epicatechin and catechin), flavanol oligomers (procyanidins) and methylxanthine alkaloids (caffeine and theobromine) of cocoa samples. The results identified genotype as the main factor contributing to cacao chemistry, although significant differences were not observed between universal and regional clones in PCA. The univariate analysis allowed us to establish that EET-96 had the highest contents of both flavanol monomers (13.12 \u00b1 2.30 mg\/g) and procyanidins (7.56 \u00b1 4.59 mg\/g). In addition, the geographic origin, the harvest conditions of each region and the year of harvest may contribute to major discrepancies between results. Turbo cocoa samples are notable for their higher flavanol monomer content, Chigorod\u00f3 cocoa samples for the presence of both types of polyphenol (monomer and procyanidin contents) and the Northeast cocoa samples for the higher methylxanthine content. We hope that knowledge of the heterogeneity of the metabolites of interest in each clone will contribute to the generation of added value in the cocoa production chain and its sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T22:08:06Z","timestamp":1648073286000},"page":"2068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chemometric Classification of Colombian Cacao Crops: Effects of Different Genotypes and Origins in Different Years of Harvest on Levels of Flavonoid and Methylxanthine Metabolites in Raw Cacao Beans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-4430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Agudelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 0500100, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 0500100, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Carrillo-Hormaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 0500100, Colombia"},{"name":"Bioingred, Spin-Off Universidad de Antioquia, Itag\u00fc\u00ed 055412, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8801-6239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elkin","family":"Galeano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 0500100, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9821-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edison","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 0500100, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shahbandeh, M. 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