{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:29:53Z","timestamp":1791545393775,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Project Number","award":["(TURSP-2020\/140)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(TURSP-2020\/140)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biofilm control by essential oil (EO) application has recently increased to preclude biofilm production on foods and environmental surfaces. In this work, the anti-biofilm effects of garlic and thyme essential oils using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Salmonella typhimurium recovered from different abattoir samples were investigated along with the virulence genes (InvA, SdiA and Stn genes), and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. typhimurium as well. The obtained results revealed that S. typhimurium contaminated abattoir samples to varying degrees. The InvA gene was investigated in all isolates, whereas the SdiA and Stn genes were observed in four and three isolates, respectively. Utilizing the disc diffusion method, S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated substantial resistance to most of the examined antibiotics with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index. S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated biofilm formation abilities to various degrees at varied temperatures levels (4 \u00b0C and 37 \u00b0C). In conclusion, the obtained samples from the research area are regarded as a potential S. typhimurium contamination source. Furthermore, garlic essential oil (GEO) has more potential to inhibit S. typhimurium biofilm at different sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations as compared to thyme essential oil (TEO). Therefore, these EOs are considered as potential natural antibacterial options that could be applied in food industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:41:30Z","timestamp":1648590090000},"page":"2182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Anti-Biofilms\u2019 Activity of Garlic and Thyme Essential Oils against Salmonella typhimurium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alaa Eldin M. A.","family":"Morshdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4506-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"El-tahlawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9424-5217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer H.","family":"Qari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa T.","family":"Qumsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniyah Habiballah","family":"Bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3162-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rokayya","family":"Sami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Hillal","family":"Althubaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M. A.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani H.","family":"Aljahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd El-Salam E.","family":"Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah Fikry A.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha M.","family":"El Bayomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"474","article-title":"Superficial bacterial contamination of ovine and bovine carcasses at El-Harrach slaughterhouse (Algeria)","volume":"38","author":"Nouichi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. 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