{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:16:14Z","timestamp":1783476974465,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201c13th Five-Year\u201d National Key Research Program of China","award":["2017YFD0301604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0301604"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carvone is a monoterpene compound that has been widely used as a pesticide for more than 10 years. However, little is known regarding the fate of carvone, or its degradation products, in the environment. We used GC-MS (gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry) to study the fate of carvone and its degradation and photolysis products under different soil and light conditions. We identified and quantified three degradation products of carvone in soil and water samples: dihydrocarvone, dihydrocarveol, and carvone camphor. In soil, dihydrocarveol was produced at very low levels (\u22640.067 mg\/kg), while dihydrocarvone was produced at much higher levels (\u22642.07 mg\/kg). In water exposed to differing light conditions, carvone was degraded to carvone camphor. The photolysis rate of carvone camphor under a mercury lamp was faster, but its persistence was lower than under a xenon lamp. The results of this study provide fundamental data to better understand the fate and degradation of carvone and its metabolites in the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T05:13:08Z","timestamp":1649481188000},"page":"2415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Degradation and Pathways of Carvone in Soil and Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanfei","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9435-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baotong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1040","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity profiles of the two enantiomers of limonene and carvone isolated from the oils ofMentha spicata andAnethum sowa","volume":"17","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Flavour. 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