{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:55:43Z","timestamp":1782759343542,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":270,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[F.No. 5\/7\/482\/2010-RBMH&CH]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[F.No. 5\/7\/482\/2010-RBMH&CH]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ever-increasing rate of pollution has attracted considerable interest in research. Several anthropogenic activities have diminished soil, air, and water quality and have led to complex chemical pollutants. This review aims to provide a clear idea about the latest and most prevalent pollutants such as heavy metals, PAHs, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals\u2014their occurrence in various complex mixtures and how several environmental factors influence their interaction. The mechanism adopted by these contaminants to form the complex mixtures leading to the rise of a new class of contaminants, and thus resulting in severe threats to human health and the environment, has also been exhibited. Additionally, this review provides an in-depth idea of various in vivo, in vitro, and trending biomarkers used for risk assessment and identifies the occurrence of mixed contaminants even at very minute concentrations. Much importance has been given to remediation technologies to understand our current position in handling these contaminants and how the technologies can be improved. This paper aims to create awareness among readers about the most ubiquitous contaminants and how simple ways can be adopted to tackle the same.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T01:03:01Z","timestamp":1650330181000},"page":"2577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Mixed Contaminants: Occurrence, Interactions, Toxicity, Detection, and Remediation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2774-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban","family":"Goutam Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1638-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uddesh","family":"Ramesh Wanjari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Ahmed","family":"Eladl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0814-1743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Sherbiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5262-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem","family":"Elsherbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarthi","family":"Sukumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kannampuzha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madurika","family":"Ravichandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaviyarasi","family":"Renu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balachandar","family":"Vellingiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabariswaran","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomass and Energy Conversion, Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abilash","family":"Valsala Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115744","article-title":"Recent trends in disposal and treatment technologies of emerging-pollutants-A critical review","volume":"122","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. 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